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The $T$-graph $T(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the vertices and edges of $G$, with two vertices of $T(G)$ are adjacent if and only if the corresponding elements of $G$ are adjacent or incident. In this paper, we…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-17 Indranil Mukherjee , Suvra Kanti Chakraborty , Arpita Das

Let $G$ be a connected graph of order $n$. The eccentricity $e(v)$ of a vertex $v$ is the distance from $v$ to a vertex farthest from $v$. The average eccentricity of $G$ is the mean of all eccentricities in $G$. We give upper bounds on the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-08-06 Fadekemi Janet Osaye

We describe the complete spectra of Laplacian, signless Laplacian, and adjacency matrices associated with the commuting graphs of a finite group using group theoretic information. We provide a method to find the center of a group by only…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2023-05-09 Gargi Ghosh , Samiron Parui

We present a method for proving upper bounds on the eigenvalues of the graph Laplacian. A main step involves choosing an appropriate "Riemannian" metric to uniformize the geometry of the graph. In many interesting cases, the existence of…

Metric Geometry · Mathematics 2011-07-26 Jonathan A. Kelner , James R. Lee , Gregory N. Price , Shang-Hua Teng

Two of the most widely used methods for analysing graph data, Adjacency Spectral Embedding and Laplacian Spectral Embedding, often produce different results when applied to the same network. Yet the structural reasons behind this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-22 Minh Triet Pham , Ian Gallagher

Let ${\rm EX}(n,H)$ and ${\rm SPEX}(n,H)$ denote the families of $n$-vertex $H$-free graphs with the maximum size and the maximum spectral radius, respectively. A graph $H$ is said to be spectral-consistent if ${\rm SPEX}(n,H)\subseteq {\rm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-03-24 Longfei Fang , Sergey Goryainov , Denis Krotov , Huiqiu Lin , Mingqing Zhai

There has been recent work [Louis STOC 2015] to analyze the spectral properties of hypergraphs with respect to edge expansion. In particular, a diffusion process is defined on a hypergraph such that within each hyperedge, measure flows from…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-10-07 T-H. Hubert Chan , Zhihao Gavin Tang , Chenzi Zhang

For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, we obtain some trace formulas for the Laplacian tensor of $H$, which imply that $\sum_{i=1}^nd_i^s$ ($s=1,\ldots,k$) is determined by the Laplacian spectrum of $H$, where $d_1,\ldots,d_n$ is the degree…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-07-22 Jiang Zhou , Lizhu Sun , Wenzhe Wang , Changjiang Bu

For a connected graph $G$ of order $n$, let $Diag(Tr)$ be the diagonal matrix of vertex transmissions and $D(G)$ be the distance matrix of $G$. The distance Laplacian matrix of $G$ is defined as $D^L(G)=Diag(Tr)-D(G)$ and the eigenvalues of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-15 S. Pirzada , Saleem Khan

The power graph \( \mathcal{G}_G \) of a group \( G \) is a graph whose vertex set is \( G \), and two elements \( x, y \in G \) are adjacent if one is an integral power of the other. In this paper, we determine the adjacency, Laplacian,…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2025-05-06 Basit Auyoob Mir , Fouzul Atik , Priti Prasanna Mondal

Let G be a graph and let \Delta,\delta be the maximum and minimum degrees of G respectively, where \Delta/\delta<c<\sqrt{2} and c is a constant. In this paper we establish a sufficient spectral condition for the graph G to be Hamiltonian,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-07-31 Yi-Zheng Fan , Gui-Dong Yu

Laplacian operators on finite compact metric graphs are considered under the assumption that matching conditions at graph vertices are of $\delta$ and $\delta'$ types. An infinite series of trace formulae is obtained which link together two…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2014-11-06 Yulia Ershova , Irina I. Karpenko , Alexander V. Kiselev

This paper explores interlacing inequalities in the Laplacian spectrum of signed cycles and investigates interlacing relationship between the spectrum of the net-Laplacian of a signed graph and its subgraph formed by removing a vertex…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-10-19 Satyam Guragain , Ravi Srivastava

Let $G=(V(G),E(G))$ be a simple graph, where $V(G)$ and $E(G)$ are the vertex set and the edge set of $G$, respectively. The number of components of $G$ is denoted by $c(G)$. Let $t$ be a positive real number, and a connected graph $G$ is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-14 Xiangge Liu , Yong Lu , Caili Jia , Qiannan Zhou , Yue Cui

For $0 \leq \alpha < 1$, the $\alpha$-spectral radius of a graph $G$ is defined as the largest eigenvalue of $A_{\alpha}(G)=\alpha D(G)+(1-\alpha)A(G)$, where $D(G)$ and $A(G)$ are the diagonal matrix of degrees and adjacency matrix of $G$,…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Jiadong Wu , Yongchun Lu , Liying Kang

Spectral graph bisections are a popular heuristic aimed at approximating the solution of the NP-complete graph bisection problem. This technique, however, does not always provide a robust tool for graph partitioning. Using a special class…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-12-22 John C. Urschel , Ludmil T. Zikatanov

In this work, we develop a spectral theory for hypergraph limits. We prove the convergence of the spectra of adjacency and Laplacian matrices for hypergraph sequences converging in the $1$-cut metric. On the other hand, we give examples of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-06 Ágnes Backhausz , Christian Kuehn , Sjoerd van der Niet , Giulio Zucal

Quantum graphs have attracted attention from mathematicians for some time. A quantum graph is defined by having a Laplacian on each edge of a metric graph and imposing boundary conditions at the vertices to get an eigenvalue problem. A…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2022-07-26 Mats-Erik Pistol , Pavel Kurasov

In this paper, we determine the maximal Laplacian and signless Laplacian spectral radii for graphs with fixed number of vertices and domination number, and characterize the extremal graphs respectively.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-10-29 Rundan Xing , Bo Zhou

It is well known that the spectral radius of a tree whose maximum degree is $D$ cannot exceed $2\sqrt{D-1}$. In this paper we derive similar bounds for arbitrary planar graphs and for graphs of bounded genus. It is proved that a the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-01-14 Zdenek Dvorak , Bojan Mohar