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The Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program combines the capabilities of the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) with the gravitational lensing of massive galaxy clusters to probe the distant Universe to an unprecedented depth. Here, we present the…

Extending over three Hubble Space Telescope (HST) cycles, the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) initiative constitutes the largest commitment ever of HST time to the exploration of the distant Universe via gravitational lensing by massive galaxy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 J. Richard , M. Jauzac , M. Limousin , E. Jullo , B. Clément , H. Ebeling , J. P. Kneib , H. Atek , P. Natarajan , E. Egami , R. Livermore , R. Bower

Exploiting the power of gravitational lensing, the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program aims at observing six massive galaxy clusters to explore the distant Universe far beyond the depth limits of blank field surveys. Using the complete…

We present the results of a new search for galaxies at redshift z ~ 9 in the first two Hubble Frontier Fields with completed HST WFC3/IR and ACS imaging. To ensure robust photometric redshift solutions, and to minimize incompleteness, we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 Derek J. McLeod , Ross J. McLure , James S. Dunlop , Brant E. Robertson , Richard S. Ellis , Thomas T. Targett

In this paper we present the results of our search for and study of $z \gtrsim 6$ galaxy candidates behind the third Frontier Fields (FF) cluster, MACSJ0717.5+3745, and its parallel field, combining data from Hubble and Spitzer. We select…

Strong gravitational lensing provides a powerful means for studying faint galaxies in the distant universe. By magnifying the apparent brightness of background sources, massive clusters enable the detection of galaxies fainter than the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-23 Brant E. Robertson , Richard S. Ellis , James S. Dunlop , Ross J. McLure , Daniel P. Stark , Derek McLeod

Galaxy clusters can act as gravitational lenses to magnify the universe behind them, allowing us to see deep into the early universe. The Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields program (Lotz et al. 2017) uses six galaxy clusters imaged by…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-15 J. D. Remolina González , K. Sharon , G. Mahler

We searched for z > 7 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs) in the optical-to-mid-infrared Hubble Frontier Field and associated parallel field observations of the strong-lensing cluster MACS J0416-2403. We discovered 22 candidates, of which six lie…

We present a high-precision mass model of the galaxy cluster MACSJ0416.1-2403, based on a strong-gravitational-lensing analysis of the recently acquired Hubble Space Telescope Frontier Fields (HFF) imaging data. Taking advantage of the…

Gravitational lensing by massive galaxy clusters enables faint distant galaxies to be more abundantly detected than in blank fields, thereby allowing one to construct galaxy luminosity functions (LFs) to an unprecedented depth at high…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2025-07-15 Jiashuo Zhang , Jeremy Lim , Tom Broadhurst , Sung Kei Li , Man Cheung Li , Giorgio Manzoni , Rogier Windhorst

We compare the sizes and luminosities of 307 faint z=6-8 sources revealed by the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program with sources in the nearby universe. Making use of the latest lensing models and data from the first four HFF clusters…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-29 R. J. Bouwens , G. D. Illingworth , P. A. Oesch , M. Maseda , B. Ribeiro , M. Stefanon , D. Lam

We present a multi-band analysis of the six Hubble Frontier Field clusters and their parallel fields, producing catalogs with measurements of source photometry and photometric redshifts. We release these catalogs to the public along with…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2021-09-29 A. Pagul , F. J. Sánchez , I. Davidzon , B. Mobasher

We conduct precise strong lensing mass modeling of four ${\it Hubble}$ Frontier Fields (HFF) clusters, Abell$~$2744, MACS$~$J0416.1$-$2403, MACS$~$J0717.5$+$3745, and MACS$~$J1149.6$+$2223, for which HFF imaging observations are completed.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-03-23 Ryota Kawamata , Masamune Oguri , Masafumi Ishigaki , Kazuhiro Shimasaku , Masami Ouchi

We present the results of a systematic search for galaxies in the redshift range z = 6 - 9, within the new, deep, near-infrared imaging of the Hubble Ultra Deep Field provided by the Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) on HST. We have performed full…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 R. J. McLure , J. S. Dunlop , M. Cirasuolo , A. M. Koekemoer , E. Sabbi , D. P. Stark , T. A. Targett , R. S. Ellis

Acting as powerful gravitational lenses, the strong lensing galaxy clusters of the deep Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) program permit access to lower-luminosity galaxies lying at higher redshifts than hitherto possible. We analyzed the HFF to…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-08-08 Enoch Leung , Tom Broadhurst , Jeremy Lim , Jose M. Diego , Tzihong Chiueh , Hsi-Yu Schive , Rogier Windhorst

We search for high-redshift dropout galaxies behind the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) galaxy cluster MACS J1149.5+2223, a powerful cosmic lens that has revealed a number of unique objects in its field. Using the deep images from the Hubble…

We search the complete Hubble Frontier Field dataset of Abell 2744 and its parallel field for z~10 sources to further refine the evolution of the cosmic star-formation rate density (SFRD) at z>8. We independently confirm two images of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-08-06 P. A. Oesch , R. J. Bouwens , G. D. Illingworth , M. Franx , S. M. Ammons , P. G. van Dokkum , M. Trenti , I. Labbe

We present the results of a search for z=9-10 galaxies within the first 8 pointings of the Hubble Frontier Fields (HFF) (4 clusters plus 4 parallel fields) and 20 cluster fields from the CLASH survey. Combined with our previous analysis of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-06-01 D. J. McLeod , R. J. McLure , J. S. Dunlop

Context: A census of faint and tiny star forming complexes at high redshift is key to improving our understanding of reionizing sources, galaxy growth and the formation of globular clusters. Aims: We present the MUSE Deep Lensed Field…

The Frontier Fields are a director's discretionary time campaign with HST and the Spitzer Space Telescope to see deeper into the universe than ever before. The Frontier Fields combine the power of HST and Spitzer with the natural…

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