Related papers: Imaging Atomic-Level Random Walk of a Point Defect…

Diffraction of atoms from surfaces provides detailed insights into structures, interactions, and dynamical processes. However, currently the method is limited to measurements in reflection - diffraction through materials has only been…

Graphene is of great scientific interest due to a variety of unique properties such as ballistic transport, spin selectivity, the quantum hall effect, and other quantum properties. Nanopatterning and atomic scale modifications of graphene…

Point defects play a crucial role in crystalline materials as they do not only impact the thermodynamic properties but are also central to kinetic processes. While they are necessary in thermodynamic equilibrium spontaneous defect formation…

Freestanding graphene displays an outstanding resilience to electron irradiation at low electron energies. Point defects in graphene are, however, subject to beam driven dynamics. This means that high resolution micrographs of point…

Defects influence the properties and functionality of all crystalline materials. For instance, point defects participate in electronic (e.g. carrier generation and recombination) and optical (e.g. absorption and emission) processes critical…

Strains strongly affect the properties of low-dimensional materials, such as graphene. By combining in situ, in operando, reflection high energy electron diffraction experiments with first-principles calculations, we show that large…

We report fast atom diffraction through single-layer graphene using hydrogen atoms at kinetic energies from 150 to 1200 eV. High-resolution images reveal overlapping hexagonal patterns from coexisting monocrystalline domains. Time-of-flight…

Two-dimensional (2D) materials display nanoscale dynamic ripples that significantly impact their properties. Defects within the crystal lattice are the elementary building blocks to tailor the material's morphology. While some studies have…

Diffusion processes govern fundamental phenomena such as phase transformations, doping, and intercalation in van der Waals (vdW) bonded materials. Here, we quantify the diffusion dynamics of W atoms by visualizing the motion of individual…

We report the first study of the dynamics of point defects, mono and di-vacancies, in a confined 2-D colloidal crystal in real space and time using digital video microscopy. The defects are introduced by manipulating individual particles…

Material properties strongly depend on the nature and concentration of defects. Characterizing these features may require nano- to atomic-scale resolution to establish structure-property relationships. 4D-STEM, a technique where diffraction…

Previously reported crystalline structures obtained by an iterative phase retrieval reconstruction of their diffraction patterns seem to be free from displaying any irregularities or defects in the lattice, which appears to be unrealistic.…

Here we report a facile method to generate a high density of point defects in graphene on metal foil and show how the point defects affect the electronic structures of graphene layers. Our scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) measurements,…

Graphene, being one-atom thick, is extremely sensitive to the presence of adsorbed atoms and molecules and, more generally, to defects such as vacancies, holes and/or substitutional dopants. This property, apart from being directly usable…

Grain boundary (GB) diffusion in polycrystalline materials is a physical phenomenon of great fundamental interest and practical significance. Although the accelerated ("short circuit") atomic transport along GBs has been known for decades,…

An electron beam traversing a structured plasmonic field is shown to undergo diffraction with characteristic angular patterns of both elastic and inelastic outgoing electron components. In particular, a plasmonic {\it grating} (e.g., a…

The diffraction of fast atoms at crystal surfaces is ideal for a detailed investigation of the surface electronic density. However, instead of sharp diffraction spots, most experiments show elongated streaks characteristic of inelastic…

We develop a theory for the trajectory of an x ray in the presence of a crystal deformation. A set of equations of motion for an x-ray wave packet including the dynamical diffraction is derived, taking into account the Berry phase as a…

Defect modes are investigated in a band gap of an electrically tunable one-dimensional photonic crystal infiltrated with a twisted-nematic liquid crystal (1D PC/TN). Their frequency shift and interference under applied voltage are studied…

The physical processes occurring in the presence of disorder: point defects, grain boundaries, etc. may have detrimental effects on the electronic properties of graphene. Here we present an approach to reveal the grain structure of graphene…