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The x-ray vortex optical beam, distinguished by its topological charge and orbital angular momentum, offers new insights in probing complex electronic structures, enhancing material characterization, and advancing high-resolution imaging…
Molecular and polymeric crystals show a wide range of functional properties that arise from the interplay between the atomic-scale structure of their constituent molecules and the organization of these molecules within the crystal lattice…
A setup of a unique x-ray source is put forward employing a relativistic electron beam interacting with two counter-propagating laser pulses in the nonlinear few-photon regime. In contrast to Compton scattering sources, the envisaged x-ray…
A method is proposed for high-resolution, three-dimensional reconstruction of internal structure of objects from planar transmission images. The described approach can be used with any form of radiation or matter waves, in principle,…
A new technical method is developed for soft x-ray spectroscopy of near-edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS). The measurement is performed with continuously rotating linearly polarized light over 2$\pi$, generated by a segmented…
We consider the reconstruction of a two-dimensional discrete image from a set of tomographic measurements corresponding to the Radon projection. Assuming that the image has a structure where neighbouring pixels have a larger probability to…
New lensless diffractive X-ray technic for micro-scale imaging of biological tissue is based on quantitative phase retrieval schemes. By incorporating refraction, this method yields improved contrast compared to purely absorption-based…
Advances in the development of free-electron lasers offer the realistic prospect of high-resolution imaging to study the nanoworld on the time-scale of atomic motions. We identify X-ray Fourier Transform holography, (FTH) as a promising…
We describe statistical and coherence properties of the radiation from x-ray free electron lasers (XFEL). It is shown that the X-ray FEL radiation before saturation is described with gaussian statistics. Particularly important is the case…
Single particle imaging (SPI) at X-ray free electron lasers (XFELs) is particularly well suited to determine the 3D structure of particles in their native environment. For a successful reconstruction, diffraction patterns originating from a…
We demonstrate X-ray phase contrast microscopy performed at the European X-ray Free-Electron Laser sampled at 1.128 MHz rate. We have applied this method to image stochastic processes induced by an optical laser incident on water-filled…
We present a novel method for Ankylography: three-dimensional structure reconstruction from a single shot diffraction intensity pattern. Our approach allows reconstruction of objects containing many more details than was ever demonstrated,…
We present a model independent approach for the reconstruction of the atomic concentration profile in a nanoscale layered structure, as measured using the X-ray fluorescence yield modulated by an X-ray standing wave (XSW). The approach is…
High-intensity ultrashort X-ray free-electron laser (XFEL) pulses are revolutionizing the study of fundamental nonlinear x-ray matter interactions and coupled electronic and nuclear dynamics. To fully exploit the potential of this powerful…
This paper introduces Spectral Incoherent Diffractive Imaging (SIDI) as a novel method for achieving dark-field imaging of nanostructures with heterogeneous oxidation states. With SIDI, shifts in photoemission profiles can be spatially…
In coherent X-ray diffraction microscopy the diffraction pattern generated by a sample illuminated with coherent x-rays is recorded, and a computer algorithm recovers the unmeasured phases to synthesize an image. By avoiding the use of a…
X-ray diffraction microscopy (XDM) is a new form of x-ray imaging that is being practiced at several third-generation synchrotron-radiation x-ray facilities. Although only five years have elapsed since the technique was first introduced, it…
We present a comprehensive analysis of coherence properties of the radiation from X-ray free electron laser (XFEL). We consider practically important case when XFEL is optimized for maximum gain. Such an optimization allows to reduce…
Small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) technique enables convenient nanoscopic characterization for various systems and conditions. Nonetheless, lab-based SAXS systems intrinsically suffer from insufficient x-ray flux and limited angular…
Imaging structures at the molecular level is a fast developing interdisciplinary research field that spans across the boundaries of physics and chemistry. High spatial resolution images of molecules can be obtained with photons or ultrafast…