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I answer an open question left by Gui-Song Li in "On self-intersections of immersed surfaces" (AMS Proceedings, Volume 126, 1998, pp.3721-3726.) The intersection graph $M(i)$ of a generic surface $i:F \to S^3$ is the set of values which are…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2018-03-16 Doron Ben Hadar

A multi-relational graph maintains two or more relations over a vertex set. This article defines an algebra for traversing such graphs that is based on an $n$-ary relational algebra, a concatenative single-relational path algebra, and a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-05-26 Marko A. Rodriguez , Peter Neubauer

Street intersection counts and densities are ubiquitous measures in transport geography and planning. However, typical street network data and typical street network analysis tools can substantially overcount them. This article explains the…

Physics and Society · Physics 2025-05-01 Geoff Boeing

The paper addresses the graph classification problem and introduces a modification of the lazy associative classification method to efficiently handle intersections of graphs. Graph intersections are approximated with all common subgraphs…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2015-05-15 Yury Kashnitsky , Sergei O. Kuznetsov

Graph classification plays an important role is data mining, and various methods have been developed recently for classifying graphs. In this paper, we propose a novel method for graph classification that is based on homotopy equivalence of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2017-07-18 Alexander V. Evako

We study arc graphs and curve graphs for surfaces of infinite topological type. First, we define an arc graph relative to a finite number of (isolated) punctures and prove that it is a connected, uniformly hyperbolic graph of infinite…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2015-11-11 Javier Aramayona , Ariadna Fossas , Hugo Parlier

Vassiliev invariants can be studied by studying the spaces of chord diagrams associated with singular knots. To these chord diagrams are associated the intersection graphs of the chords. We extend results of Chmutov, Duzhin and Lando to…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-09-25 Blake Mellor

In this paper we provide a comprehensive introduction to knowledge graphs, which have recently garnered significant attention from both industry and academia in scenarios that require exploiting diverse, dynamic, large-scale collections of…

The interplay between groups and graphs have been the most famous and productive area of algebraic graph theory. In this paper, we introduce and study the graphs whose vertex set is group G such that two distinct vertices a and b having…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-01 Shafiq Ur Rehman , Abdul Qudair Baig , Muhammad Imran , Zia Ullah Khan

The concept of coreflexive set is introduced to study the structure of digraphs. New characterizations of line digraphs and nth-order line digraphs are given. Coreflexive sets also lead to another natural way of forming an intersection…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Xinming Liu , Douglas B. West

For a set of non-negative integers $L$, the $L$-intersection number of a graph is the smallest number $l$ for which there is an assignment on the vertices to subsets $A_v \subseteq \{1,\dots, l\}$, such that every two vertices $u,v$ are…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2013-08-22 Zeinab Maleki , Behnaz Omoomi

Dynamically changing graphs are used in many applications of graph algorithms. The scope of these graphs are in graphics, communication networks and in VLSI designs where graphs are subjected to change, such as addition and deletion of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-10-01 Megha Tyagi , Deepak Garg

There is increasing focus on analyzing data represented as hypergraphs, which are better able to express complex relationships amongst entities than are graphs. Much of the critical information about hypergraph structure is available only…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-07-24 Michael G. Rawson , Audun Myers , Robert Green , Michael Robinson , Cliff Joslyn

A graph is a data structure composed of dots (i.e. vertices) and lines (i.e. edges). The dots and lines of a graph can be organized into intricate arrangements. The ability for a graph to denote objects and their relationships to one…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2010-09-07 Marko A. Rodriguez , Peter Neubauer

To solve many problems on graphs, graph traversals are used, the usual variants of which are the depth-first search and the breadth-first search. Implementing a graph traversal we consequently reach all vertices of the graph that belong to…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2025-02-18 A. V. Prolubnikov

In a paired threshold graph, each vertex has a weight, and two vertices are adjacent if their weight sum is large enough and their weight difference is small enough. It generalizes threshold graphs and unit interval graphs, both very well…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-10-01 Guozhen Rong , Yixin Cao , Jianxin Wang

Let $G$ be a group. The intersection graph of cyclic subgroups of $G$, denoted by $\mathscr I_c(G)$, is a graph having all the proper cyclic subgroups of $G$ as its vertices and two distinct vertices in $\mathscr I_c(G)$ are adjacent if and…

Group Theory · Mathematics 2015-09-16 R. Rajkumar , P. Devi

This work studies certain aspects of graphs embedded on surfaces. Initially, a colored graph model for a map of a graph on a surface is developed. Then, a concept analogous to (and extending) planar graph is introduced in the same spirit as…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sostenes Lins

In this paper, we introduce a matrix for a mixed graph, called the integrated adjacency matrix. This matrix uniquely determines a mixed graph, as long as the indices of the matrix are specified. Additionally, we associate an (undirected)…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-27 G. Kalaivani , R. Rajkumar

One of the fundamental and most-studied algorithmic problems in distributed computing on networks is graph coloring, both in bounded-degree and in general graphs. Recently, the study of this problem has been extended in two directions.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-09-14 Nicolas Bousquet , Laurent Feuilloley , Marc Heinrich , Mikaël Rabie