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This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of large language model (LLM) research directions within Indic languages. Indic languages are those spoken in the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Sankalp KJ , Vinija Jain , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Aman Chadha

Reduplication, a central instance of prosodic morphology, is particularly challenging for state-of-the-art computational morphology, since it involves copying of some part of a phonological string. In this paper I advocate a finite-state…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Markus Walther

Marathi is one of the most widely used languages in the world. One might expect that the latest advances in NLP research in languages like English reach such a large community. However, NLP advancements in English didn't immediately reach…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-25 Asang Dani , Shailesh R Sathe

The anusaaraka system (a kind of machine translation system) makes text in one Indian language accessible through another Indian language. The machine presents an image of the source text in a language close to the target language. In the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Akshar Bharati , Vineet Chaitanya , Amba P. Kulkarni , Rajeev Sangal

This paper presents the development of a Text-to-Speech (TTS) system for the Manipuri language using the Meitei Mayek script. Leveraging Tacotron 2 and HiFi-GAN, we introduce a neural TTS architecture adapted to support tonal phonology and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Gangular Singh Irengbam , Nirvash Singh Wahengbam , Lanthoiba Meitei Khumanthem , Paikhomba Oinam

The anusaaraka system makes text in one Indian language accessible in another Indian language. In the anusaaraka approach, the load is so divided between man and computer that the language load is taken by the machine, and the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Akshar Bharati , Vineet Chaitanya , Amba P. Kulkarni , Rajeev Sangal , G Umamaheshwara Rao

Despite being spoken by millions of people, Tigrinya remains severely underrepresented in Natural Language Processing (NLP) research. This work presents a comprehensive survey of NLP research for Tigrinya, analyzing over 50 studies from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Fitsum Gaim , Jong C. Park

Language identification has become a prerequisite for all kinds of automated text processing systems. In this paper, we present a rule-based language identifier tool for two closely related Indo-Aryan languages: Hindi and Magahi. This…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-04-17 Priya Rani , Atul Kr. Ojha , Girish Nath Jha

In this paper, we address the task of improving pair-wise machine translation for specific low resource Indian languages. Multilingual NMT models have demonstrated a reasonable amount of effectiveness on resource-poor languages. In this…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-12-11 Kartheek Akella , Sai Himal Allu , Sridhar Suresh Ragupathi , Aman Singhal , Zeeshan Khan , Vinay P. Namboodiri , C V Jawahar

While there has been significant progress towards developing NLU resources for Indic languages, syntactic evaluation has been relatively less explored. Unlike English, Indic languages have rich morphosyntax, grammatical genders, free linear…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-05 Rajaswa Patil , Jasleen Dhillon , Siddhant Mahurkar , Saumitra Kulkarni , Manav Malhotra , Veeky Baths

We introduce RASMALAI, a large-scale speech dataset with rich text descriptions, designed to advance controllable and expressive text-to-speech (TTS) synthesis for 23 Indian languages and English. It comprises 13,000 hours of speech and 24…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Ashwin Sankar , Yoach Lacombe , Sherry Thomas , Praveen Srinivasa Varadhan , Sanchit Gandhi , Mitesh M Khapra

Precise answers are extracted from a text for a given input question in a question answering system. Marathi question answering system is created in recent studies by using ontology, rule base and machine learning based approaches. Recently…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Dhiraj Amin , Sharvari Govilkar , Sagar Kulkarni

Automatic morphological processing can aid downstream natural language processing applications, especially for low-resource languages, and assist language documentation efforts for endangered languages. Having long been multilingual, the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Adam Wiemerslage , Miikka Silfverberg , Changbing Yang , Arya D. McCarthy , Garrett Nicolai , Eliana Colunga , Katharina Kann

Morphological analysis and disambiguation is an important task and a crucial preprocessing step in natural language processing of morphologically rich languages. Kinyarwanda, a morphologically rich language, currently lacks tools for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Antoine Nzeyimana

Automated Speech Recognition (ASR) is an interdisciplinary application of computer science and linguistics that enable us to derive the transcription from the uttered speech waveform. It finds several applications in Military like…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-05 Priyank Dubey , Bilal Shah

Hairpin completion and its variant called bounded hairpin completion are operations on formal languages, inspired by a hairpin formation in molecular biology. Another variant called hairpin lengthening has been recently introduced and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-11-28 Fumiya Okubo , Takashi Yokomori

Current large language models excel at broad, general-purpose tasks, but consistently underperform when exposed to highly specialized domains that require deep cultural, linguistic, and subject-matter expertise. In particular, traditional…

Developing benchmark datasets for low-resource languages poses significant challenges, primarily due to the limited availability of native linguistic experts and the substantial time and cost involved in annotation. Given these challenges,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Rahul Ranjan , Mahendra Kumar Gurve , Anuj , Nitin , Yamuna Prasad

Analysis of Indian English (IE) pronunciation variabilities are useful in building systems for Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) and Text-to-Speech (TTS) synthesis in the Indian context. Typically, these pronunciation variabilities have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-12 Priyanshi Pal , Shelly Jain , Anil Vuppala , Chiranjeevi Yarra , Prasanta Ghosh

Machine Translation in India is relatively young. The earliest efforts date from the late 80s and early 90s. The success of every system is judged from its evaluation experimental results. Number of machine translation systems has been…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2009-10-13 Vishal Goyal , Gurpreet Singh Lehal