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In this work, we present a novel authenticated Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) protocol employing maximally entangled qubit pairs. In the absence of noise, we securely authenticate the well-known BB84 QKD scheme under two assumptions: first,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Pol Julià Farré , Vladlen Galetsky , Soham Ghosh , Janis Nötzel , Christian Deppe

We review the status of Bell's inequalities in quantum information, stressing mainly the links with quantum key distribution and distillation of entanglement. We also prove that for all the eavesdropping attacks using one qubit, and for a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Antonio Acin , Nicolas Gisin , Lluis Masanes , Valerio Scarani

This paper proposes a new protocol for quantum dense key distribution. This protocol embeds the benefits of a quantum dense coding and a quantum key distribution and is able to generate shared secret keys four times more efficiently than…

Modifications to a previous proof of the security of EPR-based quantum key distribution are proposed. This modified version applies to a protocol using three conjugate measurement bases rather than two. A higher tolerable error rate is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Hitoshi Inamori

Entanglement swapping between Einstein-Podolsky-Rosen (EPR) pairs can be used to generate the same sequence of random bits in two remote places. A quantum key distribution protocol based on this idea is described. The scheme exhibits the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-31 Adan Cabello

Quantum key distribution based on encoding in three dimensional systems in the presence of several eavesdroppers is proposed. This extends the BB84 protocol in the presence of many eavesdroppers where two-level quantum systems (qubits) are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 M. Daoud , H. Ez-zahraouy

Quantum key distribution (QKD) is a secure communication method that utilizes the principles of quantum mechanics to establish secret keys. The central task in the study of QKD is to prove security in the presence of an eavesdropper with…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Sirui Peng , Xiaoming Sun , Hongyi Zhou

This study proposes a new lightweight quantum key distribution (LQKD) protocol based on the four-particle cluster state within a quantum-restricted environment. The protocol enables a quantum-capable user to simultaneously establish two…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-07-16 Mustapha Anis Younes , Sofia Zebboudj , Abdelhakim Gharbi

We consider the asymptotic key rates achieved in the simplest quantum key distribution protocols, namely the BB84 and the six-state protocols, when non-uniform noise is present in the system. We first observe that higher qubit error rates…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-02 Gláucia Murta , Filip Rozpędek , Jérémy Ribeiro , David Elkouss , Stephanie Wehner

We propose a high-efficiency three-party quantum key agreement protocol, by utilizing two-photon polarization-entangled Bell states and a few single-photon polarization states as the information carriers, and we use the quantum dense coding…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-26 Wan-Ting He , Jun Wang , Tian-Tian Zhang , Faris Alzahrani , Aatef Hobiny , Tasawar Hayat , Fu-Guo Deng

Entanglement generation between distant nodes is a fundamental process in distributed quantum information processing. Qudits, high-dimensional quantum states, are promising candidates for enhancing entanglement distribution capabilities.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-26 Kazufumi Tanji , Hikaru Shimizu , Masahiro Takeoka

Quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols most often use two conjugate bases in order to verify the security of the quantum channel. In the majority of protocols, these bases are mutually unbiased to one another, which is to say they are…

Quantum secret-sharing protocols involving N partners (NQSS) are key distribution protocols in which Alice encodes her key into $N-1$ qubits, in such a way that all the other partners must cooperate in order to retrieve the key. On these…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-07 Valerio Scarani , Nicolas Gisin

We revisit the practical implementation of high-dimensional quantum key distribution protocol using path entanglement reported in [Phys.Rev.Lett.~127,~110505,~2021]. Here we refine the noise robustness analysis performed there by simulating…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-09-22 Oskár Adam Válent , Matej Pivoluska

In this project we examine several different quantum key distribution protocols which we divide into ones utilizing qubits whose Hilbert spaces are two dimensional and ones whose Hilbert space dimension is greater than two, these units of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-02-05 Yuval Idan , Avihai Didi

We present a new technique for proving the security of quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols. It is based on direct information-theoretic arguments and thus also applies if no equivalent entanglement purification scheme can be found.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-11 R. Renner , N. Gisin , B. Kraus

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two parties to establish a shared secret key that is secure against all-powerful adversaries. One such protocol named B92 is quite appealing due to its simplicity but is highly sensitive to channel…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-06-23 Hasan Iqbal , Walter O. Krawec

The evolution of Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) relies on innovative methods to enhance its security and efficiency. Unextendible Product Bases (UPBs) hold promise in quantum cryptography due to their inherent indistinguishability, yet they…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-15 Pratapaditya Bej , Vinod Jayakeerthi

Quantum key distribution (QKD) and quantum message encryption protocols promise a secure way to distribute information while detecting eavesdropping. However, current protocols may suffer from significantly reduced eavesdropping protection…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-27 Nicholas J. C. Papadopoulos , Kirby Linvill

We describe a quantum key distribution protocol based on pairs of entangled qubits that generates a secure key between two partners in an environment of unknown and slowly varying reference frame. A direction of particle delivery is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 Anthony Laing , Valerio Scarani , John G. Rarity , Jeremy L. O'Brien