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Traditional databases commonly support efficient query and update procedures that operate in time which is sublinear in the size of the database. Our goal in this paper is to take a first step toward dynamic reasoning in probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2009-09-25 A. L. Delcher , A. J. Grove , S. Kasif , J. Pearl

The brain did not develop a dedicated device for reasoning. This fact bears dramatic consequences. While for perceptuo-motor functions neural activity is shaped by the input's statistical properties, and processing is carried out at high…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2015-04-21 David Papo

Neural networks (NNs) achieve outstanding performance in many domains; however, their decision processes are often opaque and their inference can be computationally expensive in resource-constrained environments. We recently proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

Dynamic functional connectivity is an effective measure for the brain's responses to continuous stimuli. We propose an inferential method to detect the dynamic changes of brain networks based on time-varying graphical models. Whereas most…

Applications · Statistics 2020-06-23 Dingjue Ji , Junwei Lu , Yiliang Zhang , Hongyu Zhao , Siyuan Gao

Fast and efficient machine learning is of growing interest to the scientific community and has spurred significant research into novel model architectures and hardware-aware design. Recent hard? and software co-design approaches have…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Lino Gerlach , Liv Våge , Thore Gerlach , Elliott Kauffman , Isobel Ojalvo

Dynamics play a critical role in computation. The principled evolution of states over time enables both biological and artificial networks to represent and integrate information to make decisions. In the past few decades, significant…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-11-28 Jason Z. Kim , Bart Larsen , Linden Parkes

Applying dynamic logics to program verifications is a challenge, because their axiomatic rules for regular expressions can be difficult to be adapted to different program models. We present a novel dynamic logic, called DLp, which supports…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Yuanrui Zhang

Boolean algebra, the branch of mathematics where variables can assume only true or false value, is the theoretical basis of classical computation. The analogy between Boolean operations and electronic switching circuits, highlighted by…

Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics · Physics 2018-08-08 Federico Paolucci , Giampiero Marchegiani , Elia Strambini , Francesco Giazotto

In the fields of computation and neuroscience, much is still unknown about the underlying computations that enable key cognitive functions including learning, memory, abstraction and behavior. This paper proposes a mathematical and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Jeet Singh

Learning-based systems are increasingly deployed across various domains, yet the complexity of traditional neural networks poses significant challenges for formal verification. Unlike conventional neural networks, learned Logic Gate…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Fabian Kresse , Emily Yu , Christoph H. Lampert , Thomas A. Henzinger

A short survey is provided about our recent explorations of the young topic of noise-based logic. After outlining the motivation behind noise-based computation schemes, we present a short summary of our ongoing efforts in the introduction,…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2012-03-15 Laszlo B. Kish , Sunil P. Khatri , Sergey M. Bezrukov , Ferdinand Peper , Zoltan Gingl , Tamas Horvath

We propose a static and a dynamic approach to model biological signaling networks, and show how each can be used to answer relevant biological questions. For this we use the two different mathematical tools of Propositional Logic and…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2009-05-13 Utz-Uwe Haus , Kathrin Niermann , Klaus Truemper , Robert Weismantel

Neural networks are dynamical systems that compute with their dynamics. One example is the Hopfield model, forming an associative memory which stores patterns as global attractors of the network dynamics. From studies of dynamical networks…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2021-12-13 Lorenz Baumgarten , Stefan Bornholdt

Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance on mathematical problems when prompted with Chain-of-Thought (CoT), yet it remains unclear whether this success stems from search, rote procedures, or rule-consistent reasoning. To…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Yuanhe Zhang , Ilja Kuzborskij , Jason D. Lee , Chenlei Leng , Fanghui Liu

Although individual neurons and neural populations exhibit the phenomenon of representational drift, perceptual and behavioral outputs of many neural circuits can remain stable across time scales over which representational drift is…

Early artificial intelligence paradigms exhibited separated cognitive functions: Neural Networks focused on "perception-representation," Reinforcement Learning on "decision-making-behavior," and Symbolic AI on "knowledge-reasoning." With…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-07 Zhi Liu , Guangzhi Wang

Symbolic logical reasoning is a critical yet underexplored capability of large language models (LLMs), providing reliable and verifiable decision-making in high-stakes domains such as mathematical reasoning and legal judgment. In this…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Xinglang Zhang , Yunyao Zhang , ZeLiang Chen , Junqing Yu , Wei Yang , Zikai Song

We propose cognitive prompting as a novel approach to guide problem-solving in large language models (LLMs) through structured, human-like cognitive operations, such as goal clarification, decomposition, filtering, abstraction, and pattern…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Oliver Kramer , Jill Baumann

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) promise energy-efficient artificial intelligence on neuromorphic hardware but struggle with tasks requiring both fast adaptation and long-term memory, especially in continual learning. We propose Local…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Ansh Tiwari , Ayush Chauhan

Pre-trained language models (LMs) have shown remarkable reasoning performance using explanations or chain-of-thoughts (CoT)) for in-context learning. On the other hand, these reasoning tasks are usually presumed to be more approachable for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-29 Yi-Fan Zhang , Hanlin Zhang , Li Erran Li , Eric Xing