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In the bootstrap percolation model, sites in an L by L square are initially infected independently with probability p. At subsequent steps, a healthy site becomes infected if it has at least 2 infected neighbours. As (L,p)->(infinity,0),…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Janko Gravner , Alexander E. Holroyd

In $\HH$-bootstrap percolation, a set $A \subset V(\HH)$ of initially 'infected' vertices spreads by infecting vertices which are the only uninfected vertex in an edge of the hypergraph $\HH$. A particular case of this is the $H$-bootstrap…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-28 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Robert Morris , Oliver Riordan

Consider a $p$-random subset $A$ of initially infected vertices in the discrete cube $[L]^d$, and assume that the neighbourhood of each vertex consists of the $a_i$ nearest neighbours in the $\pm e_i$-directions for each $i \in \{1,2,\dots,…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Daniel Blanquicett

Motivated by the bootstrap percolation process for graphs, we define a new, high-order generalisation to $k$-uniform hypergraphs, in which we infect $j$-sets of vertices for some integer $1\le j \le k-1$. We investigate the smallest…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Oliver Cooley , Julian Zalla

Let $G_{n,p}^1$ be a superposition of the random graph $G_{n,p}$ and a one-dimensional lattice: the $n$ vertices are set to be on a ring with fixed edges between the consecutive vertices, and with random independent edges given with…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-02 Tatyana Turova , Thomas Vallier

The critical properties of the stochastic susceptible-exposed-infected model on a square lattice is studied by numerical simulations and by the use of scaling relations. In the presence of an infected individual, a susceptible becomes…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2016-08-08 Alexander H. O. Wada , Tânia Tomé , Mário J. de Oliveira

In this paper, a random graph process ${G(t)}_{t\geq 1}$ is studied and its degree sequence is analyzed. Let $(W_t)_{t\geq 1}$ be an i.i.d. sequence. The graph process is defined so that, at each integer time $t$, a new vertex, with $W_t$…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-05 Maria Deijfen , Henri van den Esker , Remco van der Hofstad , Gerard Hooghiemstra

In 2-neighborhood bootstrap percolation on a graph G, an infection spreads according to the following deterministic rule: infected vertices of G remain infected forever and in consecutive rounds healthy vertices with at least 2 already…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-08-31 Thiago Braga Marcilon , Rudini Menezes Sampaio

A variation of the preferential attachment random graph model of Barab\'asi and Albert is defined that incorporates planted communities. The graph is built progressively, with new vertices attaching to the existing ones one-by-one. At every…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2018-01-30 Bruce Hajek , Suryanarayana Sankagiri

Bootstrap percolation is a deterministic cellular automaton in which vertices of a graph~$G$ begin in one of two states, "dormant" or "active". Given a fixed integer $r$, a dormant vertex becomes active if at any stage it has at least $r$…

We describe the critical window for percolation in the universality class of sparse growing random graphs. In our models, vertices arrive sequentially and connect independently to each earlier vertex $v$ with probability proportional to a…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-23 Joost Jorritsma , Pascal Maillard , Peter Mörters

We consider a simple Preferential Attachment graph process, which begins with a finite graph, and in which a new $(t+1)$st vertex is added at each subsequent time step $t$, and connected to each previous vertex $u \leq t$ with probability…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-04-22 Richard Elwes

A version of ``preferential attachment'' random graphs, corresponding to linear ``weights'' with random ``edge additions,'' which generalizes some previously considered models, is studied. This graph model is embedded in a continuous-time…

Probability · Mathematics 2007-05-23 K. B. Athreya , A. P. Ghosh , S. Sethuraman

Bootstrap percolation provides an emblematic instance of phase behavior characterised by an abrupt transition with diverging critical fluctuations. This unusual hybrid situation generally occurs in particle systems in which the occupation…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2015-02-06 Giorgio Parisi , Mauro Sellitto

In modified two-neighbour bootstrap percolation in two dimensions each site of $\mathbb Z^2$ is initially independently infected with probability $p$ and on each discrete time step one additionally infects sites with at least two…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-31 Ivailo Hartarsky

We study the activation process in undirected graphs known as bootstrap percolation: a vertex is active either if it belongs to a set of initially activated vertices or if at some point it had at least r active neighbors, for a threshold r…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2015-11-18 Daniel Freund , Matthias Poloczek , Daniel Reichman

In r-neighbour bootstrap percolation on a graph G, a (typically random) set A of initially 'infected' vertices spreads by infecting (at each time step) vertices with at least r already-infected neighbours. This process may be viewed as a…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-02-25 József Balogh , Béla Bollobás , Hugo Duminil-Copin , Robert Morris

Bootstrap percolation is a wide class of monotone cellular automata with random initial state. In this work we develop tools for studying in full generality one of the three `universality' classes of bootstrap percolation models in two…

Probability · Mathematics 2021-12-07 Ivailo Hartarsky

We study the percolation phase transition on preferential attachment models, in which vertices enter with $m$ edges and attach proportionally to their degree plus $\delta$. We identify the critical percolation threshold as…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-22 Rajat Subhra Hazra , Remco van der Hofstad , Rounak Ray

For fixed $r\geq 2$, we consider bootstrap percolation with threshold $r$ on the Erd\H{o}s-R\'enyi graph ${\cal G}_{n,p}$. We identify a threshold for $p$ above which there is with high probability a set of size $r$ which can infect the…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-11-18 Omer Angel , Brett Kolesnik