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Weather prediction today is performed with numerical weather prediction (NWP) models. These are deterministic simulation models describing the dynamics of the atmosphere, and evolving the current conditions forward in time to obtain a…

Applications · Statistics 2020-03-18 Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

To address the uncertainty in outputs of numerical weather prediction (NWP) models, ensembles of forecasts are used. To obtain such an ensemble of forecasts the NWP model is run multiple times, each time with different formulations and/or…

Applications · Statistics 2016-05-25 Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

Nowadays, weather forecasts are commonly generated by ensemble forecasts based on multiple runs of numerical weather prediction models. However, such forecasts are usually miscalibrated and/or biased, thus require statistical…

Applications · Statistics 2024-12-13 David Jobst

Weather predictions are often provided as ensembles generated by repeated runs of numerical weather prediction models. These forecasts typically exhibit bias and inaccurate dependence structures due to numerical and dispersion errors,…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-23 Maurits Flos , Bastien François , Irene Schicker , Kirien Whan , Elisa Perrone

Ensemble forecast based on physics-informed models is one of the most widely used forecast algorithms for complex turbulent systems. A major difficulty in such a method is the model error that is ubiquitous in practice. Data-driven machine…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2021-11-24 Nan Chen , Yingda Li

In our contemporary era, meteorological weather forecasts increasingly incorporate ensemble predictions of visibility - a parameter of great importance in aviation, maritime navigation, and air quality assessment, with direct implications…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-22 Mária Lakatos , Sándor Baran

Short-term probabilistic wind power forecasting can provide critical quantified uncertainty information of wind generation for power system operation and control. As the complicated characteristics of wind power prediction error, it would…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-02-14 You Lin , Ming Yang , Can Wan , Jianhui Wang , Yonghua Song

Post-processing typically takes the outputs of a Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) model and applies linear statistical techniques to produce improve localized forecasts, by including additional observations, or determining systematic…

Nowadays, weather prediction is based on numerical weather prediction (NWP) models to produce an ensemble of forecasts. Despite of large improvements over the last few decades, they still tend to exhibit systematic bias and dispersion…

Applications · Statistics 2024-02-02 David Jobst , Annette Möller , Jürgen Groß

Weather forecasts from numerical weather prediction models play a central role in solar energy forecasting, where a cascade of physics-based models is used in a model chain approach to convert forecasts of solar irradiance to solar power…

Applications · Statistics 2024-06-10 Nina Horat , Sina Klerings , Sebastian Lerch

Weather forecasting presents several challenges, including the chaotic nature of the atmosphere and the high computational demands of numerical weather prediction models. To achieve the most accurate predictions, the ideal scenario involves…

Applications · Statistics 2025-06-19 Sándor Baran , Mária Lakatos

The solar wind speed at Earth is one of the most important parameters regarding the effects of space weather on society. Thus far, most approaches for predicting the solar wind speed produce a single-value time series without uncertainty,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-13 Daniel E. da Silva , Yash Parlikar , Shaela I. Jones , Charles N. Arge

The posterior in probabilistic programs with stochastic support decomposes as a weighted sum of the local posterior distributions associated with each possible program path. We show that making predictions with this full posterior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-15 Tim Reichelt , Luke Ong , Tom Rainforth

Forecasting the weather is an increasingly data intensive exercise. Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models are becoming more complex, with higher resolutions, and there are increasing numbers of different models in operation. While the…

Applications · Statistics 2021-03-17 Charlie Kirkwood , Theo Economou , Henry Odbert , Nicolas Pugeault

Accumulated precipitation forecasts are of high socioeconomic importance for agriculturally dominated societies in northern tropical Africa. In this study, we analyze the performance of nine operational global ensemble prediction systems…

Applications · Statistics 2017-08-16 Peter Vogel , Peter Knippertz , Andreas H. Fink , Andreas Schlueter , Tilmann Gneiting

Accurate and reliable forecasting of photovoltaic (PV) power generation is crucial for grid operations, electricity markets, and energy planning, as solar systems now contribute a significant share of the electricity supply in many…

Applications · Statistics 2025-08-22 Martin János Mayer , Ágnes Baran , Sebastian Lerch , Nina Horat , Dazhi Yang , Sándor Baran

Ensemble forecasts and their combination are examined from the perspective of probability spaces. Manipulating ensemble forecasts as discrete probability distributions, multi-model ensemble (MME) forecasts are reformulated as barycenters of…

Applications · Statistics 2025-03-24 Camille Le Coz , Alexis Tantet , Rémi Flamary , Riwal Plougonven

Seasonal weather forecasts are crucial for long-term planning in many practical situations and skillful forecasts may have substantial economic and humanitarian implications. Current seasonal forecasting models require statistical…

In order to enable the transition towards renewable energy sources, probabilistic energy forecasting is of critical importance for incorporating volatile power sources such as solar energy into the electrical grid. Solar energy forecasting…

Applications · Statistics 2021-05-03 Benedikt Schulz , Mehrez El Ayari , Sebastian Lerch , Sándor Baran

Accurate production forecasts are essential to continue facilitating the integration of renewable energy sources into the power grid. This paper illustrates how to obtain probabilistic day-ahead forecasts of wind power generation via…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-16 Max Bruninx , Diederik van Binsbergen , Timothy Verstraeten , Ann Nowé , Jan Helsen