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We consider the spectrum of additive, polynomially vanishing random perturbations of deterministic matrices, as follows. Let $M_N$ be a deterministic $N\times N$ matrix, and let $G_N$ be a complex Ginibre matrix. We consider the matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Anirban Basak , Elliot Paquette , Ofer Zeitouni

We discuss regularization by noise of the spectrum of large random non-Normal matrices. Under suitable conditions, we show that the regularization of a sequence of matrices that converges in *-moments to a regular element $a$, by the…

Probability · Mathematics 2011-10-12 Alice Guionnet , Philip Matchett Wood , Ofer Zeitouni

The addition of noise has a regularizing effect on Hermitian matrices. This effect is studied here for $H=A+V$, where $A$ is the base matrix and $V$ is sampled from the GOE or the GUE random matrix ensembles. We bound the mean number of…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-09-22 Michael Aizenman , Ron Peled , Jeffrey Schenker , Mira Shamis , Sasha Sodin

The question of matrix similarity is a classical one in linear algebra. For a field $\mathbb{F}$ and some positive integer $n \in \mathbb{N}$, one may consider the following problems: 1. Given two matrices $A, B \in \mathrm{GL}(n,…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Alia Bonnet

A matrix $A\in\mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ is diagonalizable if it has a basis of linearly independent eigenvectors. Since the set of nondiagonalizable matrices has measure zero, every $A\in \mathbb{C}^{n\times n}$ is the limit of diagonalizable…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-04-23 Jess Banks , Archit Kulkarni , Satyaki Mukherjee , Nikhil Srivastava

In this paper we show that simple noise regularisation can be an effective way to address GNN oversmoothing. First we argue that regularisers addressing oversmoothing should both penalise node latent similarity and encourage meaningful node…

This letter generalizes noise modulation by introducing two voltage biases and employing non-Gaussian noise distributions, such as Mixture of Gaussian (MoG) and Laplacian, in addition to traditional Gaussian noise. The proposed framework…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-16 Hadi Zayyani , Mohammad Salman , Felipe A. P. de Figueiredo , Rausley A. A. de Souza

Jordan Normal Forms serve as excellent representatives of conjugacy classes of matrices over closed fields. Once we knows normal forms, we can compute functions of matrices, their main invariant, etc. The situation is much more complicated…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-07-07 Oleg Karpenkov

Regularization is a well studied problem in the context of neural networks. It is usually used to improve the generalization performance when the number of input samples is relatively small or heavily contaminated with noise. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-04-19 Salah Rifai , Xavier Glorot , Yoshua Bengio , Pascal Vincent

We investigate the regularizing effect of certain perturbations by noise in singular interacting particle systems under the mean field scaling. In particular, we show that the addition of a suitably irregular path can regularise these…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-04-26 Fabian Harang , Avi Mayorcas

Inferring relations from correlational data allows researchers across the sciences to uncover complex connections between variables for insights into the underlying mechanisms. The researchers often represent inferred relations using…

Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability · Physics 2023-05-11 Magnus Neuman , Joaquín Calatayud , Viktor Tasselius , Martin Rosvall

Let A(z) be an analytic square matrix and $\lambda_{0}$ an eigenvalue of A(0) of multiplicity m. Then under the generic condition, the characteristic polynomial of A(z) evaluated at $\lambda_{0}$ has a simple zero at z=0, we prove that the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2010-11-24 Aaron Welters

We study the regularisation induced in neural networks by Gaussian noise injections (GNIs). Though such injections have been extensively studied when applied to data, there have been few studies on understanding the regularising effect they…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-20 Alexander Camuto , Matthew Willetts , Umut Şimşekli , Stephen Roberts , Chris Holmes

Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, which is modeled as the sum of damped exponential signals, has become an indispensable tool in various scenarios, such as the structure and function determination, chemical analysis, and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-11-17 Tianyu Qiu , Wenjing Liao , Di Guo , Dongbao Liu , Xin Wang , Jian-Feng Cai , Xiaobo Qu

We show that, for general convolution approximations to a large class of log-correlated Gaussian fields, the properly normalised supercritical Gaussian multiplicative chaos measures converge stably to a nontrivial limit. This limit depends…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-01 Federico Bertacco , Martin Hairer

Gaussian multiplicative noise is commonly used as a stochastic regularisation technique in training of deterministic neural networks. A recent paper reinterpreted the technique as a specific algorithm for approximate inference in Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-11-09 Jiri Hron , Alexander G. de G. Matthews , Zoubin Ghahramani

It is known that in various random matrix models, large perturbations create outlier eigenvalues which lie, asymptotically, in the complement of the support of the limiting spectral density. This paper is concerned with fluctuations of…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-07-07 Anand B. Rajagopalan

We consider perturbations of a large Jordan matrix, either random and small in norm or of small rank. In both cases we show that most of the eigenvalues of the perturbed matrix are very close to a circle with centre at the origin. In the…

Spectral Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 E B Davies , Mildred Hager

We give an algorithm that uses only unitary transformations and for each square complex matrix constructs a *congruent matrix that is a direct sum of a nonsingular matrix and singular Jordan blocks.

Representation Theory · Mathematics 2007-10-04 Roger A. Horn , Vladimir V. Sergeichuk

We study the Langevin equation with stationary-increment Gaussian noise. We show the strong consistency and the asymptotic normality with Berry--Esseen bound of the so-called alternative estimator of the mean reversion parameter. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-03-02 Tommi Sottinen , Lauri Viitasaari
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