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In this articlewestudy themulticast routing problem in all-opticalWDMnetworks under the spare light splitting constraint. To implement a multicast session, several light-trees may have to be used due to the limited fanouts of network nodes.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2010-12-02 Fen Zhou , Miklos Molnar , Bernard Cousin

The Steiner Tree Problem (STP) in graphs is an important problem with various applications in many areas such as design of integrated circuits, evolution theory, networking, etc. In this paper, we propose an algorithm to solve the STP. The…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Matthieu De Laere , San Tu Pham , Patrick De Causmaecker

Multicast allows sending a message to multiple recipients without having to create and send a separate message for each recipient. This preserves network bandwidth, which is particularly important in time-sensitive networks. These networks…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Heiko Geppert , Frank Dürr , Simon Naß , Kurt Rothermel

Given two sets of points in the plane, $P$ of $n$ terminals and $S$ of $m$ Steiner points, a Steiner tree of $P$ is a tree spanning all points of $P$ and some (or none or all) points of $S$. A Steiner tree with length of longest edge…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2010-12-08 A. Karim Abu-Affash

The Steiner Tree Problem (STP) is a well-known NP-hard combinatorial optimization problem, which has wide applications in network design, integrated circuit layout, bioinformatics, and other fields. However, traditional algorithms often…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-05 Dan Li , Xiang-Hui Wu , Ji-Rong Liu

Minimum Spanning Tree (MST) and Breadth-First Search (BFS) tree constructions are classical problems in distributed computing, traditionally studied in the message-passing model, where static nodes communicate via messages. This paper…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Prabhat Kumar Chand , Manish Kumar , Anisur Rahaman Molla

The Steiner tree problem is a well-known problem in network design, routing, and VLSI design. Given a graph, edge costs, and a set of dedicated vertices (terminals), the Steiner tree problem asks to output a sub-graph that connects all…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-11-10 Johannes K. Fichte , Markus Hecher , Andre Schidler

Euclidean Steiner trees are relevant to model minimal networks in real-world applications ubiquitously. In this paper, we study the feasibility of a hierarchical approach embedded with bundling operations to compute multiple and mutually…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Victor Parque

The Prize-Collecting Steiner Tree (PCST) problem is a generalization of the Steiner Tree problem that has applications in network design, content distribution networks, and many more. There are a few centralized approximation algorithms…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2018-02-21 Parikshit Saikia , Sushanta Karmakar , Aris T. Pagourtzis

Uniform cost-distance Steiner trees minimize the sum of the total length and weighted path lengths from a dedicated root to the other terminals. They are applied when the tree is intended for signal transmission, e.g. in chip design or…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Josefine Foos , Stephan Held , Yannik Kyle Dustin Spitzley

Directed Steiner Tree (DST) is a central problem in combinatorial optimization and theoretical computer science: Given a directed graph $G=(V, E)$ with edge costs $c \in \mathbb{R}_{\geq 0}^E$, a root $r \in V$ and $k$ terminals $K\subseteq…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-04-28 Xiangyu Guo , Guy Kortsarz , Bundit Laekhanukit , Shi Li , Daniel Vaz , Jiayi Xian

Due to its broad applications in practice, the minimum spanning tree problem and its all kinds of variations have been studied extensively during the last decades, for which a host of efficient exact and heuristic algorithms have been…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-05 Yang Xu , Lianmin Zhang

Network design under uncertainty arises in countless real-world settings and can be captured by the Stochastic Steiner Tree Problem (SSTP). Although there are a few approaches specifically tailored to this stochastic optimization problem,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Berend Markhorst , Alessandro Zocca , Joost Berkhout , Rob van der Mei

In recent years there has been a paradigm shift from the study of local task-related activation to the organization and functioning of large-scale functional and structural brain networks. However, a long-standing challenge in this…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2025-11-26 Sixtus Dakurah

We give the first polynomial-time approximation scheme (PTAS) for the Steiner forest problem on planar graphs and, more generally, on graphs of bounded genus. As a first step, we show how to build a Steiner forest spanner for such graphs.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-11-30 MohammadHossein Bateni , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Dániel Marx

This paper optimizes path planning for a trunkand-branch topology network in an irregular 2-dimensional manifold embedded in 3-dimensional Euclidean space with application to submarine cable network planning. We go beyond our earlier focus…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-19 Tianjiao Wang , Zengfu Wang , Bill Moran , Moshe Zukerman

We initiate the study of degree-bounded network design problems in the online setting. The degree-bounded Steiner tree problem { which asks for a subgraph with minimum degree that connects a given set of vertices { is perhaps one of the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-04-19 Sina Dahghani , Soheil Ehsani , MohammadTaghi Hajiaghayi , Vahid Liaghat , Harald Racke

In the classical (min-cost) Steiner tree problem, we are given an edge-weighted undirected graph and a set of terminal nodes. The goal is to compute a min-cost tree S which spans all terminals. In this paper we consider the min-power…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2012-05-17 Fabrizio Grandoni

In this article, we study the Euclidean minimum spanning tree problem in an imprecise setup. The problem is known as the \emph{Minimum Spanning Tree Problem with Neighborhoods} in the literature. We study the problem where the neighborhoods…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-04-12 Sanjana Dey , Ramesh K. Jallu , Subhas C. Nandy

In this paper, we study weakly dynamic undirected graphs, that can be used to represent some logistic networks. The goal is to deliver all the delivery points in the network. The network exists in a mostly stable environment, except for a…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-04-11 Moustafa Nakechbandi , Jean-Yves Colin , Hervé Mathieu