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We study a notion of tropical linear series on metric graphs that combines two essential properties of tropicalizations of linear series on algebraic curves: the Baker-Norine rank and the independence rank. Our main results relate the local…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-09-05 Chih-Wei Chang , Matthew Dupraz , Hernan Iriarte , David Jensen , Dagan Karp , Sam Payne , Jidong Wang

This is a survey article written for the Jahresberichte der DMV. Tropical geometry can be viewed as an efficient combinatorial tool to study degenerations in algebraic geometry. Abstract tropical curves are essentially metric graphs, and…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2020-03-23 Hannah Markwig

Hurwitz numbers count covers of curves satisfying fixed ramification data. Via monodromy representation, this counting problem can be transformed to a problem of counting factorizations in the symmetric group. This and other beautiful…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-12-07 Marvin Anas Hahn , Hannah Markwig

We prove that the existence of a divisor of degree $3$ and Baker-Norine rank at least $1$ on a $3$-edge connected tropical curve is equivalent to the existence of a non-degenerate harmonic morphism of degree $3$ from a tropical modification…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2026-03-06 Margarida Melo , Angelina Zheng

We develop a lifting theory for the exponential map of semi-Riemannian manifolds that overcomes the classical obstruction caused by its singularities. We show that every smooth path in the manifold admits, up to a nondecreasing…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2026-05-08 Ivan P. Costa e Silva , José L. Flores

We show that any pointed, preordered module map $\mathfrak{BF}_{\mathrm{gr}}(E) \to \mathfrak{BF}_{\mathrm{gr}}(F)$ between Bowen-Franks modules of finite graphs can be lifted to a unital, graded, diagonal preserving $\ast$-homomorphism…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2023-07-14 Guido Arnone

A realisation of a graph in the plane as a bar-joint framework is rigid if there are finitely many other realisations, up to isometries, with the same edge lengths. Each of these finitely-many realisations can be seen as a solution to a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-17 Oliver Clarke , Sean Dewar , Daniel Green Tripp , James Maxwell , Anthony Nixon , Yue Ren , Ben Smith

It is proved that the rank of an elliptic curve is one less the arithmetic complexity of the corresponding non-commutative torus. As an illustration, we consider a family of elliptic curves with complex multiplication.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-03-24 Igor V. Nikolaev

We establish variants of the Lefschetz hyperplane section theorem for the integral tropical homology groups of tropical hypersurfaces of toric varieties. It follows from these theorems that the integral tropical homology groups of…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2024-02-22 Charles Arnal , Arthur Renaudineau , Kristin Shaw

This thesis examines the relationship between elliptic curves with complex multiplication and Lambda structures. Our main result is to show that the moduli stack of elliptic curves with complex multiplication, and the universal elliptic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-25 Lance Gurney

We give a definition of tropical orbit spaces and their morphisms. We show that, under certain conditions, the weighted number of preimages of a point in the target of such a morphism does not depend on the choice of this point. We equip…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2009-11-10 Matthias Herold

Let $X$ be an abstract tropical curve and let $G$ be a finite subgroup of the automorphism group of $X$. Let $D$ be a divisor on $X$ whose equivalence class is $G$-invariant. We address the following question: is there always a divisor $D'$…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-10-20 David Joyner , Amy Ksir , Caroline Grant Melles

The cut pseudo-metric on the space of graph limits induces an equivalence relation. The quotient space obtained by collapsing each equivalence class to a point is a metric space with appealing analytic properties. We show that the…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-31 Peter Orbanz , Balazs Szegedy

A natural problem in combinatorial rigidity theory concerns the determination of the rigidity or flexibility of bar-joint frameworks in $\mathbb{R}^d$ that admit some non-trivial symmetry. When $d=2$ there is a large literature on this…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-30 Sean Dewar , Georg Grasegger , Eleftherios Kastis , Anthony Nixon

Given a divisor $D$ on a tropical curve $\Gamma$, we show that reduced divisors define an integral affine map from the tropical curve to the complete linear system $|D|$. This is done by providing an explicit description of the behavior of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2012-02-10 Omid Amini

A graph profile records all possible densities of a fixed finite set of graphs. Profiles can be extremely complicated; for instance the full profile of any triple of connected graphs is not known, and little is known about hypergraph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-02-04 Grigoriy Blekherman , Annie Raymond , Mohit Singh , Rekha R. Thomas

Algebraic curves have a discrete analogue in finite graphs. Pursuing this analogy we prove a Torelli theorem for graphs. Namely, we show that two graphs have the same Albanese torus if and only if the graphs obtained from them by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-12-19 Lucia Caporaso , Filippo Viviani

In this article we present a unified way to smooth certain multiple structures called ropes on smooth varieties. We prove that most ropes of arbitrary multiplicity, supported on smooth curves can be smoothed. By a rope being smoothable we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2010-06-08 F. Javier Gallego , Miguel González , Bangere P. Purnaprajna

This article proposes an effective criterion for lifting automorphisms along regular coverings of graphs, with the covering transformation group being any finite abelian group.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-02-27 Haimiao Chen

We consider the enumeration of tropical curves in M\"obius strips for two different lattice structures and relate them to the enumeration of curves in two rational ruled surfaces over a complex elliptic curve. Using this correspondence, we…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2023-09-25 Thomas Blomme , Victoria Schleis