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Gas giants orbiting interior to the ice line are thought to have been displaced from their formation locations by processes that remain debated. Here we uncover several new metallicity trends, which together may indicate that two competing…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-07-08 Rebekah I. Dawson , Ruth A. Murray-Clay

Recent discoveries of extrasolar planets at small orbital radii, or with significant eccentricities, indicate that interactions between massive planets and the disks of gas and dust from which they formed are vital for determining the final…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 Philip J. Armitage , Brad M. S. Hansen

Kepler-289 is a three-planet system containing two sub-Neptunes and one cool giant planet orbiting a young, Sun-like star. All three planets exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs), with both adjacent planet pairs having orbital periods…

The dominant mechanism for generating free-floating planets has so far remained elusive. One suggested mechanism is that planets are ejected from planetary systems due to planet-planet interactions. However, instability around a single star…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-10-25 Cheng Chen , Rebecca G. Martin , Stephen H. Lubow , C. J. Nixon

The Kepler-11 star hosts at least six transiting super-Earth planets detected through the precise photometric observations of the Kepler mission (Lissauer et al.). In this paper, we re-analyze the available Kepler data, using the direct…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Cezary Migaszewski , Mariusz Slonina , Krzysztof Gozdziewski

The apparent regularity of the motion of the giant planets of our solar system suggested for decades that said planets formed onto orbits similar to the current ones and that nothing dramatic ever happened during their lifetime. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-17 Alessandro Morbidelli

As of today over 40 planetary systems have been discovered in binary star systems. In all cases the configuration appears to be circumstellar, where the planets orbit around one of the stars, the secondary acting as a perturber. The…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Willy Kley

The dynamical history of a planetary system is recorded in the present day architecture of its constituent planets' sizes, orbital periods, and eccentricities. Studying the relationships between these quantities for large populations…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-26 Gregory J. Gilbert , Erik A. Petigura , Paige M. Entrican

A major outstanding question regarding the formation of planetary systems is whether wide-orbit giant planets form differently than close-in giant planets. We aim to establish constraints on two key parameters that are relevant for…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-29 Kevin Wagner , Dániel Apai , Kaitlin M. Kratter

Terrestrial planets are thought to be the result of a vast number of gravitational interactions and collisions between smaller bodies. We use numerical simulations to show that practically identical initial conditions result in a wide array…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-09-05 Volker Hoffmann , Simon L. Grimm , Ben Moore , Joachim Stadel

At least 10-15% of nearby sun-like stars have known Jupiter-mass planets. In contrast, very few planets are found in mature open and globular clusters such as the Hyades and 47 Tuc. We explore here the possibility that this dichotomy is due…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-05-12 R. Spurzem , M. Giersz , D. C. Heggie , D. N. C. Lin

Free-floating planets are a new class of planets recently discovered. These planets don't orbit within stellar systems, instead living a nomadic life within the galaxy. How such objects formed remains elusive. Numerous works have explored…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-03-28 Gavin A. L. Coleman

From wispy gas giants on the verge of disruption to tiny rocky bodies already falling apart, short-period exoplanets pose a severe puzzle to theories of planet formation and orbital evolution. By far most of the planets known beyond the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-03-29 Brian Jackson , Elisabeth Adams , René Heller , Michael Endl

Several stars show deep transits consistent with discs of roughly 1 Solar radius seen at moderate inclinations, likely surrounding planets on eccentric orbits. We show that this configuration arises naturally as a result of planet-planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-16 Alexander J. Mustill , Melvyn B. Davies , Matthew A. Kenworthy

The discovery of planets in close orbits around binary stars raises questions about their formation. It is believed that these planets formed in the outer regions of the disc and then migrated through planet-disc interaction to their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-08-17 Daniel Thun , Wilhelm Kley

We fit a dynamical model to Kepler systems that contain four or more transiting planets using the analytic method AnalyticLC, and obtain physical and orbital parameters for 101 planets in 23 systems, of which 95 are of mass significance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-14 Yair Judkovsky , Aviv Ofir , Oded Aharonson

We determine the orbital eccentricities of individual small Kepler planets, through a combination of asteroseismology and transit light-curve analysis. We are able to constrain the eccentricities of 51 systems with a single transiting…

I present an initial investigation into a new planet detection technique that uses the transit timing of a known, transiting planet. The transits of a solitary planet orbiting a star occur at equally spaced intervals in time. If a second…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen

Small planets ($R_{p} \leq 4 R_{\oplus}$) are divided into rocky super-Earths and gaseous sub-Neptunes separated by a radius gap, but the mechanisms that produce these distinct planet populations remain unclear. Binary stars are the only…

The hundreds of exoplanets that have been discovered in the past two decades offer a new perspective on planetary structure. Instead of being the archetypal examples of planets, those of our Solar System are merely possible outcomes of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-18 David S. Spiegel , Jonathan J. Fortney , Christophe Sotin