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Related papers: Collatz meets Fibonacci

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The starting point of this work is an equality between two quantities $A$ and $B$ found in the literature, which involve the {\em doubling-modulo-an-odd-integer} map, i.e., $x\in {\mathbb N} \mapsto 2x \bmod{(2n+1)}$ for some positive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Jean-Paul Allouche , Manon Stipulanti , Jia-Yan Yao

In this paper, we show that any proof of the Collatz 3n+1 Conjecture must have an infinite number of lines; therefore, no formal proof is possible.

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2012-08-13 Craig Alan Feinstein

We study Fibonacci compositions, which are compositions of natural numbers that only use Fibonacci numbers, in two different contexts. We first prove inequalities comparing the number of Fibonacci compositions to regular compositions where…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-11-29 Joshua M. Siktar

We consider a large family of equivalence relations on permutations in Sn that generalise those discovered by Knuth in his study of the Robinson-Schensted correspondence. In our most general setting, two permutations are equivalent if one…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2011-11-17 Steven Linton , James Propp , Tom Roby , Julian West

We study the $k$-Bonacci word over the infinite alphabet $\mathbb{N}$. Since the alphabet is infinite, the usual factor complexity is infinite and does not provide any information. We therefore investigate factor occurrence statistics in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-03 Narges Ghareghani , Mehdi Golafshan , Morteza Mohammad-Noori , Pouyeh Sharifani

The Collatz conjecture (also known as the $3x+1$ problem) concerns the behavior of the discrete dynamical system on the positive integers defined by iteration of the so-called $3x + 1$ function. We investigate analogous dynamical systems in…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-10-11 Daniel Nichols

The classical Fibonacci sequence is known to exhibit many fascinating properties. In this paper, we explore the Fibonacci sequence and integer sequences generated by second order linear recurrence relations with positive integer…

Probability · Mathematics 2016-11-11 Arulalan Rajan , R. Vittal Rao , Ashok Rao , H. S. Jamadagni

Let $\alpha:\mathbb{F}_q\to\mathbb{F}_q$ be a permutation and $\Psi(\alpha)$ be the number of collinear triples in the graph of $\alpha$, where $\mathbb{F}_q$ denotes a finite field of $q$ elements. When $q$ is odd Cooper and Solymosi once…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-05-06 Liangpan Li

The present work deals with the characterization of parity vectors of Collatz sequences (of finite and infinite length). Such a characterization leads to the determination of several numbers (integers or non-integers) that we call the…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2022-09-09 Raouf Rajab

We show that essentially the Fibonacci sequence is the unique binary recurrence which contains infinitely many three-term arithmetic progressions. A criterion for general linear recurrences having infinitely many three-term arithmetic…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2010-05-21 Akos Pinter , Volker Ziegler

The Collatz dynamic is known to generate a complex quiver of sequences over natural numbers which inflation propensity remains so unpredictable it could be used to generate reliable proof of work algorithms for the cryptocurrency industry.…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-26 Alexander Rahn , Eldar Sultanow , Idriss J. Aberkane

In 2013, Joerg Arndt recorded that the Fibonacci numbers count integer compositions where the first part is greater than the second, the third part is greater than the fourth, etc. We provide a new combinatorial proof that verifies his…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-07-25 Brian Hopkins , Aram Tangboonduangjit

Let $(F_n)_{n \geq 1}$ be the sequence of Fibonacci numbers. For all integers $a$ and $b \geq 1$ with $\gcd(a, b) = 1$, let $[a^{-1} \!\bmod b]$ be the multiplicative inverse of $a$ modulo $b$, which we pick in the usual set of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-16 Carlo Sanna

The Collatz iteration is governed by two distinct update rules, depending on the parity of the current iterate: n(i+1)=3n(i)+1 for odd n(i), and n(i+1)=n(i)/2 for even n(i). We show that these rules can be written equivalently as a single…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2026-04-23 Katharina Lodders

Ozeki and Prodinger showed that the odd power sum of the first several consecutive Fibonacci numbers of even order is equal to a polynomial evaluated at certain Fibonacci number of odd order. We prove that this polynomial and its derivative…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-02-12 Brian Y. Sun , Matthew H. Y. Xie , Arthur L. B. Yang

The Tribonacci sequence $\mathbb{T}$ is the fixed point of the substitution $\sigma(a,b,c)=(ab,ac,a)$. The main result is twofold: (1) we give the explicit expressions of the numbers of distinct squares and cubes in $\mathbb{T}[1,n]$ (the…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2016-06-08 Huang Yuke , Wen Zhiying

In this work the generalized Collatz problem $qn+1$ ($q$ odd) is studied. As a natural generalization of the original $3n+1$ problem, it consists of a discrete dynamical system of an arithmetical kind. Using standard methods of number…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2021-01-08 Robert Santos

The scope of the present work is to explain why it is true that all N have a distinct position in The Collatz Tree (The Collatz Graph)

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-09-03 R. Bruun

We present a class of permutations for which the number of distinctly ordered subsequences of each permutation approaches an almost optimal value as the length of the permutation grows to infinity.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Micah Coleman

We enumerate and characterize some classes of alternating and reverse alternating involutions avoiding a single pattern of length three or four. If on one hand the case of patterns of length three is trivial, on the other hand, the length…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-09-20 Marilena Barnabei , Flavio Bonetti , Niccolò Castronuovo , Matteo Silimbani