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Efficiently distinguishing photon numbers is a crucial yet challenging technology for various quantum information and quantum metrology applications. While superconducting transition edge sensors offer good photon-number-resolving (PNR)…
Devices capable of deterministically manipulating the photonic entanglement are of paramount importance, since photons are the ideal messengers for quantum information. Here, we report a Rydberg-atom-based entanglement filter that preserves…
Coupling photons to Rydberg excitations in a cold atomic gas yields unprecedentedly large optical nonlinearities at the level of individual light quanta, where the formation of nearby dark-state polaritons is blocked by the strong…
We analyze several implementations of all-optical single-photon transistors (SPTs) operating in the continuous-wave (cw) regime, as presented in the companion paper [Phys. Rev. A 113, L011701 (2026)]. The devices rely on ensembles of…
Neutral atoms are building blocks of ground-up quantum many-body systems. Well-controlled and high-fidelity entangling gates are an essential component for realizing complex neutral atom architectures for quantum computing, quantum…
Quantum sensing has attracted significant attention due to its ability to measure physical quantities with extremely high accuracy. Rydberg atoms - typically alkali atoms with a highly excited valence electron that is far from the nucleus -…
We investigate the propagation of a single photon under conditions of electromagnetically induced transparency in two parallel one-dimensional atomic clouds which are coupled via Rydberg dipole-dipole interaction. Initially the system is…
The interaction of a single photon with an individual two-level system is the textbook example of quantum electrodynamics. Achieving strong coupling in this system so far required confinement of the light field inside resonators or…
We report on the successful fabrication of low leakage aluminium superconducting tunnel junctions with very homogeneous and transparent insulating barriers. The junctions were tested in an adiabatic demagnetisation refrigerator with a base…
We use an optical cavity to detect single atoms magnetically trapped on an atom chip. We implement the detection using both fluorescence into the cavity and reduction in cavity transmission due to the presence of atoms. In fluorescence, we…
Realizing systems that support robust, controlled interactions between individual photons is an exciting frontier of nonlinear optics. To this end, one approach that has emerged recently is to leverage atomic interactions to create strong…
Optical non-reciprocity is a fundamental phenomenon in photonics. It is crucial for developing devices that rely on directional signal control, such as optical isolators and circulators. However, most research in this field has focused on…
By mapping the strong interaction between Rydberg excitations in ultra-cold atomic ensembles onto single photons via electromagnetically induced transparency, it is now possible to realize a nonlinear optical medium which exhibits a strong…
Deterministic quantum interactions between single photons and single quantum emitters are a vital building block towards the distribution of quantum information between remote systems. Deterministic photon-atom state transfer has been…
The coupling of microwave and optical systems presents an immense challenge due to the natural incompatibility of energies, but potential applications range from optical interconnects for quantum computers to next-generation quantum…
A deterministic photon-photon quantum-logic gate is a long-standing goal. Building such a gate becomes possible if a light pulse containing only one photon imprints a phase shift of $\pi$ onto another light field. Here we experimentally…
Limits to Rydberg gate fidelity that arise from the entanglement of internal states of neutral atoms with the motional degrees of freedom due to the momentum kick from photon absorption and re-emission is quantified. This occurs when the…
The implementation of electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) in a cold Rydberg gas provides an attractive route towards strong photon--photon interactions and fully deterministic all-optical quantum information processing. In this…
We demonstrate a robust fiber-optics-based fluorescence detector, fully integrated on an atom chip, which detects single atoms propagating in a guide with 66% efficiency. We characterize the detector performance and the atom flux by…
Single-photon detection is an essential component in many experiments in quantum optics, but remains challenging in the microwave domain. We realize a quantum non-demolition detector for propagating microwave photons and characterize its…