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We extend the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics to the setting of ray class groups of imaginary quadratic number fields, viewed as exact sequences of Galois modules. By asymptotically estimating the mixed moments governing the distribution of a…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-10-23 Carlo Pagano , Efthymios Sofos

Let $(R, \mathfrak{m})$ be a complete discrete valuation ring with the finite residue field $R/\mathfrak{m} = \mathbb{F}_{q}$. Given a monic polynomial $P(t) \in R[t]$ whose reduction modulo $\mathfrak{m}$ gives an irreducible polynomial…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-09-05 Gilyoung Cheong , Yifeng Huang

We generalize the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics over function fields to \'{e}tale group schemes $G$ (with the classical case of abelian groups corresponding to constant group schemes). By using the results of Ellenberg-Venkatesh-Westerland, we…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-27 Michael Lipnowski , Jacob Tsimerman

We determine the large-genus limiting distribution of the 4-rank of the Picard group of hyperelliptic curves over a fixed finite field $\mathbb F_q$ of odd characteristic. This is a function field analogue of a result of Fouvry and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-03-02 Elia Gorokhovsky , Mengzhen Liu

For a finite abelian 2-group $G$, we study the frequency with which quadratic imaginary number fields $K$ have 2-part of their class group $K$ isomorphic to $G$. A philosophy enunciated by Gerth extends the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics for…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-05 Nathan Jones , Cam McLeman

In this paper we give a conjecture for the average number of unramified $G$-extensions of a quadratic field for any finite group $G$. The Cohen-Lenstra heuristics are the specialization of our conjecture to the case that $G$ is abelian of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-03-20 Melanie Matchett Wood , Philip Matchett Wood

In number theory, great efforts have been undertaken to study the Cohen-Lenstra probability measure on the set of all finite abelian $p$-groups. On the other hand, group theorists have studied a probability measure on the set of all…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2009-12-31 Johannes Lengler

We investigate combinatorial properties of a family of probability distributions on finite abelian p-groups. This family includes several well-known distributions as specializations. These specializations have been studied in the context of…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-25 Jason Fulman , Nathan Kaplan

We consider the probability theory, and in particular the moment problem and universality theorems, for random groups of the sort of that arise or are conjectured to arise in number theory, and in related situations in topology and…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-01-25 Melanie Matchett Wood

Cohen and Lenstra detailed a heuristic for the distribution of odd p-class groups for imaginary quadratic fields. One such formulation of this distribution is that the expected number of surjections from the class group of an imaginary…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-08-12 Brandon Alberts

We describe a probability distribution on isomorphism classes of principally quasi-polarized p-divisible groups over a finite field k of characteristic p which can reasonably be thought of as "uniform distribution," and we compute the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2012-01-05 Bryden Cais , Jordan S. Ellenberg , David Zureick-Brown

Taking A to be an abelian variety with full 2-torsion over a number field k, we investigate how the 4-Selmer rank of the quadratic twist A^d changes with d. We show that this rank depends on the splitting behavior of the primes dividing d…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2016-07-27 Alexander Smith

We consider the Galois group $G_2(K)$ of the maximal unramified $2$-extension of $K$ where $K/\mathbb{Q}$ is cyclic of degree $3$. We also consider the group $G^+_2(K)$ where ramification is allowed at infinity. In the spirit of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2021-01-01 Nigel Boston , Michael R. Bush

For a finite group $\Gamma$, we study the distribution of the Galois group $G_{\emptyset}^{\#}(K)$ of the maximal unramified extension of $K$ that is split completely at $\infty$ and has degree prime to $|\Gamma|$ and $\textit{Char}(K)$, as…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-30 Yuan Liu , Ken Willyard

We observe that Anzanello's work on the proportion of derangements in affine classical groups over finite fields is related to symplectic and orthogonal Cohen-Lenstra type distributions on integer partitions. This leads to a proof of three…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 Jason Fulman , Dennis Stanton

We give a new geometric description of when an element of the class group of a quadratic field, thought of as a quadratic form $q$, is $n$-torsion. We show that $q$ corresponds to an $n$-torsion element if and only if there exists a degree…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-06-26 Aaron Landesman

Boston, Bush, and Hajir have developed heuristics, extending the Cohen-Lenstra heuristics, that conjecture the distribution of the Galois groups of the maximal unramified pro-p extensions of imaginary quadratic number fields for p an odd…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Nigel Boston , Melanie Matchett Wood

We develop a theory of commensurability of groups, of rings, and of modules. It allows us, in certain cases, to compare sizes of automorphism groups of modules, even when those are infinite. This work is motivated by the Cohen-Lenstra…

Rings and Algebras · Mathematics 2019-02-20 Alex Bartel , Hendrik W. Lenstra

We define a group with local data over a number field $K$ as a group $G$ together with homomorphisms from decomposition groups ${\rm Gal}(\overline{K}_p/K_p)\to G$. Such groups resemble Galois groups, just without global information.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-04-05 Brandon Alberts

For a Galois extension $K/\mathbb{F}_q(t)$ of Galois group $\Gamma$ with $\gcd(q,|\Gamma|)=1$, we define an invariant $\omega_K$, and show that it determines the Weil pairing of the curve corresponding to $K$ and it descends to the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-12-21 Yuan Liu