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Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are one of the most fundamental and widely used statistical tools for modeling discrete time series. In general, learning HMMs from data is computationally hard (under cryptographic assumptions), and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2012-07-10 Daniel Hsu , Sham M. Kakade , Tong Zhang

Characterizing the sleep-wake cycle in adolescents is an important prerequisite to better understand the association of abnormal sleep patterns with subsequent clinical and behavioral outcomes. The aim of this research was to develop hidden…

Applications · Statistics 2022-12-22 Semhar B. Ogbagaber , Yifan Cui , Kaigang Li , Ronald J. Iannotti , Paul S. Albert

Hidden Markov Models, HMM's, are mathematical models of Markov processes with state that is hidden, but from which information can leak. They are typically represented as 3-way joint-probability distributions. We use HMM's as denotations of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Annabelle McIver , Carroll Morgan , Tahiry Rabehaja

The Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a widely-used statistical model for handling sequential data. However, the presence of missing observations in real-world datasets often complicates the application of the model. The EM algorithm and Gibbs…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Dongrong Li , Tianwei Yu , Xiaodan Fan

This work attempts to approximate a linear Gaussian system with a finite-state hidden Markov model (HMM), which is found useful in solving sophisticated event-based state estimation problems. An indirect modeling approach is developed,…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-07-10 Kaikai Zheng , Dawei Shi , Ling Shi

In this paper, we explore the class of the Hidden Semi-Markov Model (HSMM), a flexible extension of the popular Hidden Markov Model (HMM) that allows the underlying stochastic process to be a semi-Markov chain. HSMMs are typically used less…

Applications · Statistics 2023-01-26 Patrick Aschermayr , Konstantinos Kalogeropoulos

The problem of reducing a Hidden Markov Model (HMM) to one of smaller dimension that exactly reproduces the same marginals is tackled by using a system-theoretic approach. Realization theory tools are extended to HMMs by leveraging suitable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Tommaso Grigoletto , Francesco Ticozzi

MIDI performances are generally expedient in performance research and music information retrieval, and even more so if they can be connected to a score. This connection is usually established by means of alignment, linking either notes or…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Silvan Peter , Patricia Hu , Gerhard Widmer

This paper provides an outline of the algorithms submitted for the WSDM Cup 2019 Spotify Sequential Skip Prediction Challenge (team name: mimbres). In the challenge, complete information including acoustic features and user interaction logs…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-10-27 Sungkyun Chang , Seungjin Lee , Kyogu Lee

The Hierarchical Dirichlet Process Hidden Markov Model (HDP-HMM) is a natural Bayesian nonparametric extension of the classical Hidden Markov Model for learning from (spatio-)temporal data. A sticky HDP-HMM has been proposed to strengthen…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-08 Mikołaj Słupiński , Piotr Lipiński

This paper addresses the task of score following in sheet music given as unprocessed images. While existing work either relies on OMR software to obtain a computer-readable score representation, or crucially relies on prepared sheet image…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-22 Florian Henkel , Rainer Kelz , Gerhard Widmer

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) are probabilistic functions of finite Markov chains, or, put in other words, state space models with finite state space. In this paper, we examine subspace estimation methods for HMMs whose output lies a finite…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2009-11-20 Sofia Andersson , Tobias Rydén

Analysis of sequential event data has been recognized as one of the essential tools in data modeling and analysis field. In this paper, after the examination of its technical requirements and issues to model complex but practical situation,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-08-21 Hiromi Narimatsu , Hiroyuki Kasai

A hidden Markov model (HMM) scheme for tracking continuous-wave gravitational radiation from neutron stars in low-mass X-ray binaries (LMXBs) with wandering spin is extended by introducing a frequency-domain matched filter, called the…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-29 S. Suvorova , P. Clearwater , A. Melatos , L. Sun , W. Moran , R. J. Evans

Hidden Markov models (HMMs) and conditional random fields (CRFs) are two popular techniques for modeling sequential data. Inference algorithms designed over CRFs and HMMs allow estimation of the state sequence given the observations. In…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2012-02-20 Gungor Polatkan , Oncel Tuzel

Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) are powerful tools for modeling sequential data, where the underlying states evolve in a stochastic manner and are only indirectly observable. Traditional HMM approaches are well-established for linear sequences,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2024-06-05 Farzan Vafa , Sahand Hormoz

This research focuses on the algorithms and approaches for learning Hidden Markov Models (HMMs) and compares HMM learning methods and algorithms. HMM is a statistical Markov model in which the system being modeled is assumed to be a Markov…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-16 Taha Mansouri , Mohamadreza Sadeghimoghadam , Iman Ghasemian Sahebi

A Hidden Markov Model (HMM) is a common statistical model which is widely used for analysis of biological sequence data and other sequential phenomena. In the present paper we show how HMMs can be extended with side-constraints and present…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2010-08-02 Henning Christiansen , Christian Theil Have , Ole Torp Lassen , Matthieu Petit

We propose an algorithm for the blind separation of single-channel audio signals. It is based on a parametric model that describes the spectral properties of the sounds of musical instruments independently of pitch. We develop a novel…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-02-03 Sören Schulze , Emily J. King

In this paper, we present a novel algorithm for the maximum a posteriori decoding (MAPD) of time-homogeneous Hidden Markov Models (HMM), improving the worst-case running time of the classical Viterbi algorithm by a logarithmic factor. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-12-14 Massimo Cairo , Gabriele Farina , Romeo Rizzi