Related papers: "How many $1$'s are needed?" revisited
In this paper, we define the linear complexity for multidimensional sequences over finite fields, generalizing the one-dimensional case. We give some lower and upper bounds, valid with large probability, for the linear complexity and…
The linear complexity of a sequence $s$ is one of the measures of its predictability. It represents the smallest degree of a linear recursion which the sequence satisfies. There are several algorithms to find the linear complexity of a…
Proximal gradient methods have been found to be highly effective for solving minimization problems with non-negative constraints or L1-regularization. Under suitable nondegeneracy conditions, it is known that these algorithms identify the…
We study the complexity of computational problems from quantum physics. Typically, they are studied using the complexity class QMA (quantum counterpart of NP) but some natural computational problems appear to be slightly harder than QMA. We…
We classify the possible Scott complexities for models of Peano arithmetic. We construct models of particular complexities by first giving a complete Scott analysis of colored linear orderings and constructing models of Peano arithmetic…
For a finite separable field extension K/k, all subfields can be obtained by intersecting so-called principal subfields of K/k. In this work we present a way to quickly compute these intersections. If the number of subfields is high, then…
Motivated by genome-wide association studies, we consider a standard linear model with one additional random effect in situations where many predictors have been collected on the same subjects and each predictor is analyzed separately.…
We investigate the densities of the sets of abundant numbers and of covering numbers, integers $n$ for which there exists a distinct covering system where every modulus divides $n$. We establish that the set $\mathcal{C}$ of covering…
Tasks that model the relation between pairs of tokens in a string are a vital part of understanding natural language. Such tasks, in general, require exhaustive pair-wise comparisons of tokens, thus having a quadratic runtime complexity in…
By any account, the 1998 proof of the Kepler conjecture is complex. The thesis underlying this article is that the proof is complex because it is highly under-automated. Throughout that proof, manual procedures are used where automated ones…
We partition a series of natural numbers into infinite number sequences. We consider two partitioning options: (a) a forest of unary trees with recurrence formula of Mersenne numbers, and (b) a set of arithmetic progressions with difference…
A classical result in number theory is Dirichlet's theorem on the density of primes in an arithmetic progression. We prove a similar result for numbers with exactly k prime factors for k>1. Building upon a proof by E.M. Wright in 1954, we…
Motivated by the question of how macromolecules assemble, the notion of an {\it assembly tree} of a graph is introduced. Given a graph $G$, the paper is concerned with enumerating the number of assembly trees of $G$, a problem that applies…
A property, or statistical functional, is said to be elicitable if it minimizes expected loss for some loss function. The study of which properties are elicitable sheds light on the capabilities and limitations of point estimation and…
Error bounds have been studied for more than seventy years, beginning with the seminal result of Hoffman (1952) [{\it J. Res. Natl. Bur. Standards}, 49 (1952), 263--265], which establishes an upper bound for the distance from an arbitrary…
Until 1973 there was no database of integer sequences. Someone coming across the sequence 1, 2, 4, 9, 21, 51, 127,... would have had no way of discovering that it had been studied since 1870 (today these are called the Motzkin numbers, and…
We develop a theory of complexity for numerical computations that takes into account the condition of the input data and allows for roundoff in the computations. We follow the lines of the theory developed by Blum, Shub, and Smale for…
In 2012, Diem introduced a new figure of merit for cryptographic sequences called expansion complexity. In this paper, we slightly modify this notion to obtain the so-called irreducible-expansion complexity which is more suitable for…
Algorithmic efficiency is essential to reducing energy and time usage for computational problems. Optimizing efficiency is important for tasks involving multiple resources, for example in stochastic calculations where the size of the random…
Let $S_{a,b}$ denote the sequence of leading digits of $a^n$ in base $b$. It is well known that if $a$ is not a rational power of $b$, then the sequence $S_{a,b}$ satisfies Benford's Law; that is, digit $d$ occurs in $S_{a,b}$ with…