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For a hereditary graph class $\mathcal{H}$, the $\mathcal{H}$-elimination distance of a graph $G$ is the minimum number of rounds needed to reduce $G$ to a member of $\mathcal{H}$ by removing one vertex from each connected component in each…

Let $\varepsilon(G)$ be the eccentricity matrix of a graph $G$ and $Spec(\varepsilon(G))$ be the eccentricity spectrum of $G$. Let $H[G_1,G_2,\ldots, G_k]$ be the $H$-join of graphs $G_1,G_2,\ldots, G_k$ and let $H[G]$ be lexicographic…

A planar 3-connected graph $G$ is called \emph{essentially $4$-connected} if, for every 3-separator $S$, at least one of the two components of $G-S$ is an isolated vertex. Jackson and Wormald proved that the length $\mathop{\rm…

In this paper, we define a ternary graph operation which generalizes the construction of subdivision graph, $R-$graph, central graph. Also, it generalizes the construction of overlay graph (Marius Somodi \emph{et al.}, 2017), and…

A chord of a cycle $C$ is an edge joining two non-consecutive vertices of $C$. A cycle $C$ in a graph $G$ is chorded if the vertex set of $C$ induces at least one chord. In this paper, we prove that if $G$ is a graph with order $n\geq 6$…

In this paper, we show that the minimum number of vertices whose removal disconnects a connected strongly regular graph into non-singleton components, equals the size of the neighborhood of an edge for many graphs. These include blocks…

In this paper, we prove that for every connected graph G, there exists a split graph H with the same independence number and the same order. Then we propose a first algorithm for finding this graph, given the degree sequence of the input…

A graph $G$ is divisible by a graph $H$ if the characteristic polynomial of $G$ is divisible by that of $H$. In this paper, a necessary and sufficient condition for recursive graphs to be divisible by a path is used to show that the H-shape…

For a graph $G$, let $\mu_k(G):=\min~\{\max_{x\in S}d_G(x):~S\in \mathcal{S}_k\}$, where $\mathcal{S}_k$ is the set consisting of all independent sets $\{u_1,\ldots,u_k\}$ of $G$ such that some vertex, say $u_i$ ($1\leq i\leq k$), is at…

We study the multicolour discrepancy of spanning trees and Hamilton cycles in graphs. As our main result, we show that under very mild conditions, the $r$-colour spanning-tree discrepancy of a graph $G$ is equal, up to a constant, to the…

In this paper we describe a physical problem, based on electromagnetic fields, whose topological constraints are higher dimensional versions of Kirchhoff's laws, involving $2-$ simplicial complexes embedded in $\mathbb{R} ^3$ rather than…

Let $G$ be a simple and finite graph. A graph is said to be \textit{decomposed} into subgraphs $H_1$ and $H_2$ which is denoted by $G= H_1 \oplus H_2$, if $G$ is the edge disjoint union of $H_1$ and $H_2$. If $G= H_1 \oplus H_2 \oplus H_3…

The prism over a graph $G$ is the Cartesian product of $G$ with the complete graph $K_2$. A graph $G$ is hamiltonian if there exists a spanning cycle in $G$, and $G$ is prism-hamiltonian if the prism over $G$ is hamiltonian. In…

Let $P$ be a finite point set in $\mathbb{R}^2$ with the set of distance $n$-chains defined as $$ \Delta_n(P)=\{(|p_1-p_2|,|p_2-p_3|,\ldots,|p_n-p_{n+1}|):p_i \in P\}.$$ We show that for $2\leq n=O_{|P|}(1)$ we have $$|\Delta_n(P)|\gtrsim…

Let $G$ be a connected simple graph on the vertex set $[n]$. Banerjee-Betancourt proved that $depth(S/J_G)\leq n+1$. In this article, we prove that if $G$ is a unicyclic graph, then the depth of $S/J_G$ is bounded below by $n$. Also, we…

We first prove that for every vertex x of a 4-connected graph G there exists a subgraph H in G isomorphic to a subdivision of the complete graph K4 on four vertices such that G-V(H) is connected and contains x. This implies an affirmative…

The $k$-token graph $F_k(G)$ of a graph $G$ is the graph whose vertices are the $k$-subsets of vertices from $G$, two of which being adjacent whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of adjacent vertices in $G$. It is a known result…

Mechanistic interpretability seeks to reverse-engineer neural network computations into human-understandable algorithms, yet extracting sparse computational circuits from billion-parameter language models remains challenging due to…

Consider the graph that has as vertices all bitstrings of length $2n+1$ with exactly $n$ or $n+1$ entries equal to 1, and an edge between any two bitstrings that differ in exactly one bit. The well-known middle levels conjecture asserts…

A recent breakthrough by [LNPSY STOC'21] showed that solving s-t vertex connectivity is sufficient (up to polylogarithmic factors) to solve (global) vertex connectivity in the sequential model. This raises a natural question: What is the…