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Related papers: An adaptive attack on Wiesner's quantum money

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A digital currency is money in a digital form. In this model, maintaining integrity of the supply is a core concern, therefore protections against double-spending are often at the heart of a secure digital money scheme. Quantum money…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-09 Anne Broadbent , Raza Ali Kazmi , Cyrus Minwalla

Quantum money allows a bank to mint quantum money states that can later be verified and cannot be forged. Usually, this requires a quantum communication infrastructure to transfer quantum states between the user and the bank. Gavinsky (CCC…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-21 Roy Radian , Or Sattath

A quantum money scheme enables a trusted bank to provide untrusted users with verifiable quantum banknotes that cannot be forged. In this work, we report an experimental demonstration of the preparation and verification of unforgeable…

Public-key quantum money is a cryptographic protocol in which a bank can create quantum states which anyone can verify but no one except possibly the bank can clone or forge. There are no secure public-key quantum money schemes in the…

We introduce a private quantum money scheme with the note verification procedure based on Sampling Matching, a problem in the one-way communication complexity model introduced by Kumar et al.[Nature Communications 10, Article number: 4152].…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-11-22 Niraj Kumar

Quantum computing has the power to break current cryptographic systems, disrupting online banking, shopping, data storage and communications. Quantum computing also has the power to support stronger more resistant technologies. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-11-17 Hazel Murray , Jerry Horgan , Joao F. Santos , David Malone , Harun Siljak

We investigate the security assumptions behind three public-key quantum money schemes. Aaronson and Christiano proposed a scheme based on hidden subspaces of the vector space $\mathbb{F}_2^n$ in 2012. It was conjectured by Pena et al in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-11-01 Andriyan Bilyk , Javad Doliskani , Zhiyong Gong

In a quantum money scheme, a bank can issue money that users cannot counterfeit. Similar to bills of paper money, most quantum money schemes assign a unique serial number to each money state, thus potentially compromising the privacy of the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-11-26 Amit Behera , Or Sattath

We present a family of quantum money schemes with classical verification which display a number of benefits over previous proposals. Our schemes are based on hidden matching quantum retrieval games and they tolerate noise up to 23%, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-05 Ryan Amiri , Juan Miguel Arrazola

The no-cloning theorem can be used as a basis for quantum money constructions which guarantee unconditionally unforgeable currency. Existing schemes, however, either (i) require long-term quantum memory and quantum communication between the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-22 Dmytro Gavinsky , Dar Gilboa , Siddhartha Jain , Dmitri Maslov , Jarrod R. McClean

The realization of devices which harness the laws of quantum mechanics represents an exciting challenge at the interface of modern technology and fundamental science. An exemplary paragon of the power of such quantum primitives is the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2012-11-21 Fernando Pastawski , Norman Y. Yao , Liang Jiang , Mikhail D. Lukin , J. Ignacio Cirac

While classical money can be copied, it is impossible to copy quantum money in principle, with only the bank that issues it knowing how to generate it, meaning only the bank can make exact copies. Not all reliable banks, such as central…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-05-20 Yuichi Sano

Quantum money is the task of verifying the validity of banknotes while ensuring that they cannot be counterfeited. Public-key quantum money allows anyone to perform verification, while the private-key setting restricts the ability to verify…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-04-09 Peter Yuen

A quantum tamper-evident encryption scheme is a non-interactive symmetric-key encryption scheme mapping classical messages to quantum ciphertexts such that an honest recipient of a ciphertext can detect with high probability any meaningful…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-21 Sébastien Lord

We propose an information-theoretically secure encryption scheme for classical messages with quantum ciphertexts that offers detection of eavesdropping attacks, and re-usability of the key in case no eavesdropping took place: the entire key…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-05-22 Serge Fehr , Louis Salvail

We propose the concept of pseudorandom states and study their constructions, properties, and applications. Under the assumption that quantum-secure one-way functions exist, we present concrete and efficient constructions of pseudorandom…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-11-28 Zhengfeng Ji , Yi-Kai Liu , Fang Song

We present a quantum token scheme in which the token is a quantum state that ensures secure authentication or payment. In our approach, rooted in Wiesner's quantum money concept, a token is encoded in a multi-qubit state generated by a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-21 Yannick Strocka , Mohamed Belhassen , Tim Schröder , Gregor Pieplow

Quantum tokens are underlying primitives for quantum money and network proposals, which leverage the no-cloning theorem to realize unforgeable authentication. A relevant but overlooked type of attack to such architectures is a hacker that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-06 Lucas Tsunaki , Boris Naydenov

There had been well known claims of unconditionally secure quantum protocols for bit commitment. However, we, and independently Mayers, showed that all proposed quantum bit commitment schemes are, in principle, insecure because the sender,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-10-30 H. -K. Lo , H. F. Chau

Unforgeable quantum money tokens were the first invention of quantum information science, but remain technologically challenging as they require quantum memories and/or long distance quantum communication. More recently, virtual 'S-money'…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-04-08 Adrian Kent , David Lowndes , Damián Pitalúa-García , John Rarity