Related papers: Electrostatic potential variations along flux surf…
Astrophysical current layers, e.g., in pulsar winds, can be electrically charged, while the plasma is charge-symmetric, $e^\pm$. Using PIC simulations, we investigate dynamics and plasmoid formation (tearing instability) in charged…
Stellarators, together with tokamaks, represent the two mainstream approaches to realizing fusion energy via toroidal magnetic confinement of highly ionized gases - plasmas - at extremely high temperatures. Improving our understanding of…
The surface of an insulating material irradiated by a beam of low energy electrons charges positively if the yield of secondary electron is greater than unity. For such a dynamical equilibrium, the thermodynamic properties have been…
Being three-dimensional, stellarators have the advantage that plasma currents are not essential for creating rotational-transform; however, the external current-carrying coils in stellarators can have strong geometrical shaping, which can…
The electrostatic interaction in ionic fluids is well-known to give rise to a characteristic phase behavior and structure. Sometimes its long range is proposed to single out the electrostatic potential over other interactions with shorter…
Electrostatic oscillations in cold electron-positron plasmas can be coupled to a propagating electromagnetic mode if the background magnetic field is inhomogeneous. Previous work considered this coupling in the quasi-linear regime,…
The gyrokinetic theory of the residual flow, in the electrostatic limit, is revisited, with optimized stellarators in mind. We consider general initial conditions for the problem, and identify cases that lead to a non-zonal residual…
New results from MAST are presented that focus on validating models in order to extrapolate to future devices. Measurements during start-up experiments have shown how the bulk ion temperature rise scales with the square of the reconnecting…
The author is developing a numerical code with thousands of emission zones to simulate the time-dependent multi-waveband emission from blazars. The code is based on a model in which turbulent plasma flowing at a relativistic speed down a…
In reactor-relevant plasmas, neoclassical transport drives an outward particle flux in the core of large stellarators and predicts strongly hollow density profiles. However, this theoretical prediction is contradicted by experiments. In…
The scaling of turbulent heat flux with respect to electrostatic potential is examined in the framework of a reduced ($4$D) kinetic system describing electrostatic turbulence in magnetized plasmas excited by the ion temperature gradient…
We address periodic-image errors arising from the use of periodic boundary conditions to describe systems that do not exhibit full three-dimensional periodicity. The difference between the periodic potential, as straightforwardly obtained…
In ion-exchange membrane processes, ions and water flow under the influence of gradients in hydrostatic pressure, ion chemical potential, and electrical potential (voltage), leading to solvent flow, ionic fluxes and ionic current. At the…
Current-free double layers of the type reported in plasmas in the presence of an expanding magnetic field [C. Charles and R. W. Boswell, Appl. Phys. Lett. 82, 1356 (2003)] are modeled theoretically and with particle-in-cell/Monte Carlo…
Chiral edge currents play an important role in characterizing topological matter. In atoms, they have been observed at such a low temperature that the atomic motion can be measured. Here we report the first experimental observation of…
Partially magnetized plasmas in ExB configurations - where the electric and magnetic fields are mutually perpendicular - exhibit a cross-field transport behavior, which is widely believed to be dominantly governed by complex…
Optimised stellarators and other magnetic-confinement devices having the property that the average magnetic curvature is favourable for all particle orbits are called maximum-$J$ devices, and have recently been shown to be immune to…
Isothermal fluid turbulence simulations have been performed in the edge and scrape-off-layer (SOL) of an analytic stellarator configuration with an island divertor, thereby providing numerical insight into edge turbulence in regions around…
Applying an electric field to an aqueous colloidal dispersion establishes a complex interplay of forces among the highly mobile simple ions, the more highly charged but less mobile colloidal spheres, and the surrounding water. This…
We present the results of a Molecular Dynamics computer simulation of a binary Lennard-Jones liquid confined in a narrow pore. The surface of the pore has an amorphous structure similar to that of the confined liquid. We find that the…