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Advances in field techniques have lead to an increase in spatially-referenced capture-recapture data to estimate a species' population size as well as other demographic parameters and patterns of space usage. Statistical models for these…
The statistics of self-avoiding random walks have been used to model polymer physics for decades. A self-avoiding walk that grows one step at a time on a lattice will eventually trap itself, which occurs after an average of 71 steps on a…
Environmental degradation is a major global problem. Its impacts are not just environmental, but also economic, with degradation recognised as a key cause of reduced agricultural productivity and rural poverty in the developing world. The…
The blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) is a dominant ecological species of high commercial value. Spawning stock and recruitment of the Chesapeake Bay population declined by 80% in the 1990s. After severe management actions were implemented in…
Open space grassland is being increasingly farmed or built upon, leading to a ramping up of conservation efforts targeting roadside verges. Approximately half of all UK grassland species can be found along the country's 500,000 km of roads,…
Evidence is growing that in many markets consumers select not simply on the basis of the perceived attributes of products, but their preferences are modified by the behaviour of others. Economists have paid relatively little attention to…
Security plays a crucial role when it comes to planning large events such as concerts, sporting tournaments, pilgrims, or demonstrations. Monitoring and controlling pedestrian dynamics can prevent dangerous situations from occurring.…
Coral reefs are vital to marine ecosystems, supporting biodiversity and driving nutrient cycling. Despite significant research on the interaction between surface waves and natural or artificial reefs, the turbulent flow dynamics within…
Behavior analysis of animals involves the observation of intraspecific and interspecific interactions among various organisms in the environment. Collective behavior such as herding in farm animals, flocking of birds, and shoaling and…
Climate change and other anthropogenic pressures are likely to induce tipping points in marine ecosystems, potentially leading to declines in primary productivity and fisheries. Despite increasing attention to nature-related financial risks…
In addition to enabling movement towards environments with favourable living conditions, swimming by microorganisms has also been linked to enhanced mixing and improved nutrient uptake by their populations. Experimental studies have shown…
The Crab Pulsar has exhibited numerous glitches accompanied by persistent shifts in its spin-down rate. The explanation of the observed persistent shifts remain a challenge. We perform a detailed Bayesian analysis to compare four…
The possibility of exploiting multiple resources is usually regarded as positive from both the economic and the environmental point of view. However, resource switching may also lead to unsustainable growth and, ultimately, to an…
It is an open question whether glitch activity in individual pulsars varies on decadal time-scales. The Crab pulsar has experienced 23 spin-up glitches in the last 36 years, interrupting an otherwise monotonic deceleration. A homogeneous…
Density dependence occurs at the individual level and thus is greatly influenced by spatial local heterogeneity in habitat conditions. However, density dependence is often evaluated at the population level, leading to difficulties or even…
Climate change substantially impacts ecological systems. Marine species are shifting their distribution because of climate change towards colder waters, potentially compromising the benefits of currently established Marine Protected Areas…
With the growing use of popular social media services like Facebook and Twitter it is challenging to collect all content from the networks without access to the core infrastructure or paying for it. Thus, if all content cannot be collected…
Understanding and predicting how individuals perform in high-pressure situations is of importance in designing and managing workplaces, but also in other areas of society such as disaster management or professional sports. For simple effort…
In this paper we first provide a brief history of the handful of X-ray polarization measurements that have been accomplished to date. We then outline new technological developments that indicate more detailed polarization measurements in…
Coral reefs are among the most diverse ecosystems on our planet, and are depended on by hundreds of millions of people. Unfortunately, most coral reefs are existentially threatened by global climate change and local anthropogenic pressures.…