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Formal methods are mathematically-based techniques for the rigorous development of software-intensive systems. The railway signaling domain is a field in which formal methods have traditionally been applied, with several success stories.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Alessio Ferrari , Maurice H. ter Beek

Formalisation is the process of writing system requirements in a formal language. These requirements mostly originate in Natural Language. In the field of Formal Methods, formalisation is often identified as one of the most delicate and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Joost J. Joosten , Marina López Chamosa , Sofía Santiago Fernández

Financial institutions of all sizes are increasingly adopting Large Language Models (LLMs) to enhance credit assessments, deliver personalized client advisory services, and automate various language-intensive processes. However, effectively…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2025-04-04 Ahmadreza Tavasoli , Maedeh Sharbaf , Seyed Mohamad Madani

Large language models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated remarkable progress in formal theorem proving. Yet their ability to serve as practical assistants for mathematicians, filling in missing steps within complex proofs, remains…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Xiao-Wen Yang , Zihao Zhang , Jianuo Cao , Zhi Zhou , Zenan Li , Lan-Zhe Guo , Yuan Yao , Taolue Chen , Yu-Feng Li , Xiaoxing Ma

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating code from natural language (NL) descriptions. However, the plain textual descriptions are inherently ambiguous and often fail to capture complex requirements like intricate system behaviors,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wenxin Mao , Zhitao Wang , Long Wang , Sirong Chen , Cuiyun Gao , Luyang Cao , Ziming Liu , Qiming Zhang , Jun Zhou , Zhi Jin

Enterprise modeling deals with the increasing complexity of processes and systems by operationalizing model content and by linking complementary models and languages, thus amplifying the model-value beyond mere comprehensible pictures. To…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Victoria Döller

Software documentation frequently becomes outdated or fails to exist entirely, yet developers need focused views of their codebase to understand complex systems. While automated reverse engineering tools can generate UML diagrams from code,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Oleg Baryshnikov , Anton M. Alekseev , Sergey I. Nikolenko

A conceptual model is used to support development and design within the area of systems and software modeling. The notion of validation refers to representing a domain in a model accurately and generating results using an executable model.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Sabah Al-Fedaghi

We review state-of-the-art formal methods applied to the emerging field of the verification of machine learning systems. Formal methods can provide rigorous correctness guarantees on hardware and software systems. Thanks to the availability…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Caterina Urban , Antoine Miné

The Unified Modeling Language (UML) community has started to define so-called profiles in order to better suit the needs of specific domains or settings. Product lines1 represent a special breed of systems they are extensible semi-finished…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-10-16 Wolfgang Pree , Marcus Fontoura , Bernhard Rumpe

Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) optimize production and business processes at the same time. However, the engineering and specification of MES is a challenging, interdisciplinary process. Especially IT and production experts with…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-12 Maria Witsch , Birgit Vogel-Heuser

Verifying hardware designs in embedded systems is crucial but often labor-intensive and time-consuming. While existing solutions have improved automation, they frequently rely on unrealistic assumptions. To address these challenges, we…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-11-26 Yuchen Hu , Junhao Ye , Ke Xu , Jialin Sun , Shiyue Zhang , Xinyao Jiao , Dingrong Pan , Jie Zhou , Ning Wang , Weiwei Shan , Xinwei Fang , Xi Wang , Nan Guan , Zhe Jiang

To analyse and verify the safety and security properties of interactive systems, a formal specification might be necessary. There are many types of formal languages and frameworks. The decision regarding what type of formal specification…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Maria Spichkova

Automating the enrichment of UML class diagrams with behavioral methods from natural language use cases is a significant challenge. This study evaluates nine large language models (LLMs) in augmenting a methodless UML diagram (21 classes,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Djaber Rouabhia , Ismail Hadjadj

With the market competition aggravating, it becomes necessary for market players to adopt a business model which can adopt dynamic business changes. Any enterprise has the possibility to win in the competition only when it forms the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-02-26 Ashish Seth , Himanshu Agarwal , Ashim Raj Singla

The software patterns provide building blocks to the design and implementation of a software system, and try to make the software engineering to progress from experience to science. The software patterns were made famous because of the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-10-26 Yong Wang

Creating formal models of interactive systems has wide reaching benefits, not only for verifying low-level correctness, but also as a tool for ensuring user interfaces behave logically and consistently. Despite this, tools for designing…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Nathaniel Watson , Steve Reeves , Paolo Masci

Improving the effectiveness and safety of patient care is the ultimate objective for medical cyber-physical systems. Many medical best practice guidelines exist, but most of the existing guidelines in handbooks are difficult for medical…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Chunhui Guo , Zhicheng Fu , Zhenyu Zhang , Shangping Ren , Lui Sha

In information systems, a system is analyzed using a modeling tool. Analysis is an important phase prior to implementation in order to obtain the correct requirements of the system. During the requirements phase, the software requirements…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2010-11-02 Rosziati Ibrahim

Digitalization efforts often face a key challenge: business processes must not only be efficient in achieving their goals but also adhere to legal regulations. Business process compliance refers to aligning processes with these regulations.…

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