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Stephen Hawking's discovery of black hole evaporation had the remarkable consequence that information is destroyed by a black hole, which can only be accommodated by modifying the laws of quantum mechanics. Different attempts to evade the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-27 Steffen Gielen

A recent covariant formulation, that includes non-perturbative effects from loop quantum gravity (LQG) as self-consistent effective models, has revealed the possibility of non-singular black hole solutions. The new framework makes it…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-04-17 Idrus Husin Belfaqih , Martin Bojowald , Suddhasattwa Brahma , Erick I. Duque

Thirty years ago, John Preskill concluded "that the information loss paradox may well presage a revolution in fundamental physics" and mused that "Conceivably, the puzzle of black hole evaporation portends a scientific revolution as…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-07-20 Stephen Boughn

The black hole information puzzle can be resolved if two conditions are met. Firstly, if the information of what falls inside a black hole remains encoded in degrees of freedom that persist after the black hole completely evaporates. These…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-10-25 Alejandro Perez , Sami Viollet

Black hole evaporation is one of the most striking phenomena at the interface between gravity and quantum physics. In Hawking's semi-classical treatment, where matter is quantum mechanical and the spacetime is definite and classical,…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-24 Ali Akil , Lorenzo Giannelli , Leonardo Modesto , Oscar Dahlsten , Giulio Chiribella , Caslav Brukner

Since Stephen Hawking's original 1975 paper on black hole evaporation, there has been a consensus that the problem of "loss of information" is both deep and troubling. It is also thought that resolution of the problem may hold some…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-05-11 Tim Maudlin

The black hole information paradox tells us something important about the way quantum mechanics and gravity fit together. In these lectures I try to give a pedagogical review of the essential physics leading to the paradox, using mostly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2009-01-28 Samir D. Mathur

While recent progress in the black hole information problem has shown that the entropy of Hawking radiation follows a unitary Page curve, the quantum state of Hawking radiation prior the Page time is still treated as purely thermal,…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2023-05-31 Jonah Kudler-Flam , Yuya Kusuki

The formation and evaporation of a black hole can be viewed as a scattering process in Quantum Gravity. Semiclassical arguments indicate that the process should be non-unitary, and that all the information of the original quantum state…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-09-06 Jorge G. Russo

Recently, new holographic models of black hole evaporation have given fresh insights into the information paradox [arXiv:1905.08255, arXiv:1905.08762, arXiv:1908.10996]. In these models, the black hole evaporates into an auxiliary bath…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2020-07-24 Hong Zhe Chen , Zachary Fisher , Juan Hernandez , Robert C. Myers , Shan-Ming Ruan

We argue that four-dimensional black hole evaporation inevitably produces an infinite number of soft particles in addition to the thermally distributed `hard' Hawking quanta, and moreover that the soft and hard particles are highly…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-06-23 Andrew Strominger

We generally consider that entropy and temperature of a spherically symmetric black hole are corrected by quantum effect. We calculate interior entropy variation of massless scalar field and compare it with corrected Bekenstein-Hawking…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2019-12-10 Ming Zhang

We resolve black hole information paradox within semiclassical gravity, in a manner that does not depend on details of unknown quantum gravity. Our crucial insight is that outgoing Hawking particles are physical only far from the black hole…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2024-09-27 Hrvoje Nikolic

We show that Hawking black-hole evaporation saturates the Landauer Principle of information thermodynamics. Our result implies that information loss experienced by a black hole during Hawking evaporation takes place as efficiently as…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-13 Marina Cortês , Andrew R Liddle

The information loss paradox is widely regarded as one of the biggest open problems in theoretical physics. Several classical and quantum features must be present to enable its formulation. First, an event horizon is needed to justify the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-08-20 Robert B. Mann , Sebastian Murk , Daniel R. Terno

Information theory is increasingly invoked by physicists concerned with fundamental physics, including black hole physics. But to what extent is the application of information theory in those contexts legitimate? Using the case of black…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2017-09-21 Christian Wuthrich

The retrieval of black hole information was recently presented in two interesting proposals in the 'Hawking Radiation' conference: a revised version by G. 't Hooft of a proposal he initially suggested 20 years ago and, a new proposal by S.…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2016-06-15 Laura Mersini-Houghton

Hawking radiation and black hole thermodynamics are well understood in the frameworks of quantum field theory and general relativity, with contemporary extensions in string theory, AdS/CFT, and loop quantum gravity. However, an open…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-09-22 Noah M. MacKay

Hawking showed that a black hole formed by collapse will emit radiation and eventually disappear. We address the challenge to define an objective notion of physical entropy which increases throughout this process in a way consistent with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2023-12-18 Bernard S. Kay

Quantum entanglement lies at the heart of quantum information theory, with applications to quantum computing, teleportation, cryptography and communication. In the apparently separate world of quantum gravity, the Hawking effect of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2017-08-23 M. J. Duff
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