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I show that probabilities in quantum mechanics are a measure of belief in the presence of human ignorance, just like all other probabilities. The Born interpretation of the square of modulus of the wave function arises from the interaction…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Frank J. Tipler

We deduce the Born rule. No use is required of quantum postulates. One exploits only rudimentary quantum mathematics--a linear, not Hilbert', vector space--and empirical notion of the statistical length of a state. Its statistical nature…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-12-24 Yurii V. Brezhnev

We present a derivation of Born's rule and unitary transforms in Quantum Mechanics, from a simple set of axioms built upon a physical phenomenology of quantization. Combined to Gleason's theorem, this approach naturally leads to the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-07 Alexia Auffèves , Philippe Grangier

The role of superselection rules for the derivation of classical probability within quantum mechanics is investigated and examples of superselection rules induced by the environment are discussed.

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-06-26 Joachim Kupsch

Logical inference leads to one of the major interpretations of probability theory called logical interpretation, in which the probability is seen as a measure of the plausibility of a logical statement under incomplete information. In this…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-03 Tsubasa Ichikawa

According to the Born rule, the probability density in quantum theory is determined by the square of the wave function. A generally accepted derivation of this rule has not yet been proposed. In the given work, a simple physical picture is…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-08-19 S. S. Afonin

Selection effects in cosmology are often invoked to "explain" why some of the fundamental constant of Nature, and in particular the cosmological constant, take on the value they do in our Universe. We briefly review this probabilistic…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 Roberto Trotta , Glenn D. Starkman

Probabilities in quantum theory are traditionally given by Born's rule as the expectation values of projection operators. Here it is shown that Born's rule is insufficient in universes so large that they contain identical multiple copies of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2010-03-15 Don N. Page

A new formulation of quantum mechanics is proposed based on a new principle that can be considered a generalization of the Born rule. The principle is composed of a mathematical expression and an associated interpretation, and establishes a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-10-31 Bruno Galvan

We suggest and describe how to analyze new types of experiments that would test a proposed model of the quantum measurement process. That model produces the Born Rule as a corollary, and so agrees with conventional quantum predictions. The…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-22 Alan Schaum

We propose a complete proof of the Born rule using an additional postulate stating that for a short enough time {\Delta}t between two measurements, a property of a particle will keep its values fixed. This dynamical postulate allows us to…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Yakir Aharonov , Tomer Shushi

Despite the tremendous empirical success of quantum theory there is still widespread disagreement about what it can tell us about the nature of the world. A central question is whether the theory is about our knowledge of reality, or a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-06-10 Sally Shrapnel , Fabio Costa , Gerard Milburn

Excluding the concept of probability in quantum mechanics, we derive Born's law from the remaining postulates in quantum mechanics using type method. We also give a way of determining the unknown parameter in a state vector based on an…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-07-27 Fuyuhiko Tanaka

I develop the decision-theoretic approach to quantum probability, originally proposed by David Deutsch, into a mathematically rigorous proof of the Born rule in (Everett-interpreted) quantum mechanics. I sketch the argument informally, then…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-06-16 David Wallace

The anthropic principle is an inevitable constraint on the space of possible theories. As such it is central to determining the limits of physics. In particular, we contend that what is ultimately possible in physics is determined by…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-02-11 Navin Sivanandam

We consider how the Born rule, a fundamental principle of quantum mechanics, can be tested for particles created on the shortest timescales ($\sim10^{-25}\,\mathrm{s}$) currently accessible at high-energy colliders. We focus on targeted…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2026-01-05 Antony Valentini , Mira Varma

In previous articles we presented a simple set of axioms named Contexts, Systems and Modalities (CSM), where the structure of quantum mechanics appears as a result of the interplay between the quantized number of modalities accessible to a…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-01-04 Alexia Auffeves , Philippe Grangier

The subjective Bayesian interpretation of probability asserts that the rules of the probability calculus follow from the normative principle of Dutch-book coherence: A decision-making agent should not assign probabilities such that a series…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2022-08-02 John B. DeBrota , Christopher A. Fuchs , Jacques L. Pienaar , Blake C. Stacey

We show that probabilities of results of all possible measurements performing on a quantum system depend on the system's state only through its density matrix. Therefore all experimentally available information about the state contains in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-02-01 Alexey Nenashev

The possibility to recover the which-way information, for example in the two slit experiment, is based on a natural but implicit assumption about the position of a particle {\it before} a position measurement is performed on it. This…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-06-13 Bruno Galvan