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The star formation rate density (SFRD) is an important tool in galaxy evolution that allows us to identify at which cosmic time galaxies are more efficient at forming stars. For low-mass star-forming galaxies, the SFRD as a function of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-04-07 G. G. Murrell , I. K. Baldry

The collective properties of star clusters are investigated using a simulation of the collision between two dwarf galaxies. The characteristic power law of the cluster mass function, N(M), with a logarithmic slope d\log N/d\log M ~ -1, is…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-08-16 Bruce G. Elmegreen , Natalia Lahen

We perform a systematic Bayesian analysis of rotation vs. dispersion support ($v_{\rm rot} / \sigma$) in $40$ dwarf galaxies throughout the Local Volume (LV) over a stellar mass range $10^{3.5} M_{\rm \odot} < M_{\star} < 10^8 M_{\rm…

We study star formation histories (SFHs) of $\simeq500$ dwarf galaxies (stellar mass $M_\ast = 10^5 - 10^9\,M_\odot$) from FIRE-2 cosmological zoom-in simulations. We compare dwarfs around individual Milky Way (MW)-mass galaxies, dwarfs in…

We present a statistical comparison of the mass ratio distribution of companions, as observed in different multiplicity surveys, to the most recent estimate of the single object mass function (Bochanski et al. 2010). The main goal of our…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Maddalena M. Reggiani , Michael R. Meyer

The relation between the stellar mass and the star formation rate characterizes how the instantaneous star formation is determined by the galaxy past star formation history and by the growth of the dark matter structures. We deconstruct the…

The origin of very low-mass hydrogen-burning stars, brown dwarfs, and planetary-mass objects at the low-mass end of the initial mass function is not yet fully understood. Gravitational fragmentation of circumstellar discs provides a…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-12 Yun Li , M. B. N. Kouwenhoven , D. Stamatellos , S. P. Goodwin

Stars form within dense cores composed of both gas and dust within molecular clouds. However, despite the crucial role that dust plays in the star formation process, its dynamics is frequently overlooked, with the common assumption being a…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-02-21 Nadine H. Soliman , Philip F. Hopkins , Michael Y. Grudić

Age is one of the most fundamental parameters of stars, yet it is one of the hardest to determine as it requires modelling various aspects of stellar formation and evolution. When we compare the ages derived from isochronal and dynamical…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-23 Núria Miret Roig , João Alves , David Barrado , Andreas Burkert , Sebastian Ratzenböck , Ralf Konietzka

We combine results from imaging searches for substellar objects in the sigma Orionis cluster and follow-up photometric and spectroscopic observations to derive a census of the brown dwarf population in a region of 847 arcmin^2. We identify…

Context: Satellite dwarf galaxies provide key constraints on galaxy formation and evolution, since their abundance and spatial distribution reflect both the host properties and the large-scale environment. Aims: This study quantifies the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-05-21 Saeed Tavasoli , Parsa Ghafour

The properties of multiple stellar systems have long provided important empirical constraints for star formation theories, enabling (along with several other lines of evidence) a concrete, qualitative picture of the birth and early…

We present a high-contrast imaging survey of intermediate-mass (1.75--4.5 $M_\odot$) stars to search for the most extreme stellar binaries, i.e., for the lowest mass stellar companions. Using adaptive optics at the Lick and Gemini…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2022-12-14 G. Duchene , J. T. Oon , R. J. De Rosa , P. Kantorski , B. Coy , J. J. Wang , S. Thomas , J. Patience , L. Pueyo , E. L. Nielsen , Q. Konopacky

We review recent theoretical progress aimed at understanding the formation and the early stages of evolution of giant planets, low-mass stars and brown dwarfs. Calculations coupling giant planet formation, within a modern version of the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Chabrier , I. Baraffe , F. Selsis , T. Barman , P. Hennebelle , Y. Alibert

We review four mechanisms for forming brown dwarfs: (i) turbulent fragmentation (producing very low-mass prestellar cores); (ii) gravitational instabilities in discs; (iii) dynamical ejection of stellar embryos from their placental cores;…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-11 A. P. Whitworth , S. P. Goodwin

We address the question of whether protoplanetary discs around low mass stars (e.g. M-dwarfs) may be longer lived than their solar-type counterparts. This question is particularly relevant to assess the planet-making potential of these…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-28 Barbara Ercolano , Nate Bastian , Loredana Spezzi , James Owen

The observationally-inferred size versus stellar-mass relationship (SMR) for low-mass galaxies provides an important test for galaxy formation models. However, the relationship relies on assumptions that relate observed luminosity profiles…

A number of recent observational studies of Galactic globular clusters have measured the variation in the slope of a cluster's stellar mass function $\alpha$ with clustercentric distance $r$. In order to gather a deeper understanding of the…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-09-07 Jeremy J. Webb , Enrico Vesperini

Brown dwarfs constitute a missing link between low-mass stars and giant planets. Their atmospheres display chemical species typical of planets, and one could wonder whether they also have weather-like patterns. While brown dwarf surface…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2018-12-05 Étienne Artigau

The formation of brown dwarfs (BDs) due to the fragmentation of proto-stellar disks undergoing pairwise encounters was investigated. High resolution allowed the use of realistic initial disk models where both the vertical structure and the…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 Sijing Shen , James Wadsley , Tristen Hayfield , Nicholas Ellens