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A general thermodynamic treatment of dissipative relativistic fluids is introduced, where the temperature four vector is not parallel to the velocity field of the fluid. Generic stability and kinetic equilibrium points out a particular…
The main concepts of general relativistic thermodynamics and general relativistic statistical mechanics are reviewed. The main building block of the proper relativistic extension of the classical thermodynamics laws is the four-temperature…
We present a new approach to the problem of the thermodynamical equilibrium of a quantum relativistic fluid in a curved spacetime in the limit of small curvature. We calculate the mean value of local operators by expanding the…
We introduce a class of relativistic fluid states satisfying the relativistic local thermodynamical equilibrium postulate (abbreviated as relativistic (LTE) postulate). States satisfying this postulate, are states "near equilibrium" (a term…
For static matter in a gravitational field, different conventions for equilibrium local temperature exist in the classic physics literature. We illustrate the difference between two popular conventions using black-body radiation in a…
A relativistic self-gravitating equilibrium system with steady flow as well as spherical symmetry is discovered. The energy-momentum tensor contains the contribution of a current related to the flow and the metric tensor does an…
We present coordinated formulations of local thermodynamical equilibrium conditions at three levels, namely the macroscopic one of classical thermodynamics, the mesoscopic one of hydrodynamical fluctuations and the microscopic one of…
By refining the method proposed in arXiv:2010.07660, entropy current and entropy density for a relativistic hydrostatic equilibrium system with spherical symmetry are constructed as a non-Noether conserved charge in the Einstein gravity…
Local kinetic equilibration is a prerequisite for hydrodynamics to be valid. Here it is described through a nonlinear diffusion equation for finite systems of fermions and bosons. The model is solved exactly for constant transport…
A generally relativistic theory of thermodynamics is developed, based on four main physical principles: heat is a local form of energy, therefore described by a thermal energy tensor; conservation of mass, equivalent to conservation of…
Local thermal equilibrium generally implies the absence of heat flux within a fluid. We find the relations between a set of thermodynamic variables of a fluid on a general spacetime and those defined on a conformally connected spacetime,…
A physical system should be in a local equilibrium if it cannot be distinguished from a global equilibrium by ``infinitesimally localized measurements''. This seems to be a natural characterization of local equilibrium, however the problem…
We study linearized stability in first-order relativistic viscous hydrodynamics in the most general frame. There is a region in the parameter space of transport coefficients where the perturbations of the equilibrium state are stable. This…
A physical system is in local equilibrium if it cannot be distinguished from a global equilibrium by ``infinitesimally localized measurements''. This should be a natural characterization of local equilibrium, but the problem is to give a…
We study relativistic hydrodynamics in the linear regime, based on Mori's projection operator method. In relativistic hydrodynamics, it is considered that ambiguity about the fluid velocity occurs from a choice of a local rest frame: the…
Nonequilibrium thermodynamics has shown its applicability in a wide variety of different situations pertaining to fields such as physics, chemistry, biology, and engineering. As successful as it is, however, its current formulation…
We use extensive computer simulations to probe local thermodynamic equilibrium (LTE) in a quintessential model fluid, the two-dimensional hard-disks system. We show that macroscopic LTE is a property much stronger than previously…
The second law of thermodynamics is discussed and reformulated from a quantum information theoretic perspective for open quantum systems using relative entropy. Specifically, the relative entropy of a quantum state with respect to…
We derive deterministic equations for the evolution of non-Gaussian fluctuations in relativistic stochastic hydrodynamics. This is achieved by defining the average local Landau frame and corresponding fluctuating hydrodynamic variables.…
Hydrodynamics accurately describes relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments well before local thermal equilibrium is established. This unexpectedly rapid onset of hydrodynamics -- which takes place on the fastest available timescale --…