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We study small gaps between Goldbach primes $\mathbb{P} \cap (N-\mathbb{P})$ using the Bombieri-Davenport method and the Maynard-Tao method, and compare the two. We show that for almost all even integers $N$, the smallest gap in $\mathbb{P}…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Mizuki Akeno

Let $n_1,n_2\ge 1, \lambda_1>1$ and $\lambda_2>1$. For any $x=(x_1,x_2) \in \mathbb {R}^n\times\mathbb{R}^m$, let $g$ and $g_{\vec{\lambda}}^*$ be the bi-parameter Littlewood-Paley square functions defined by \begin{align*} g(f)(x)=…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2016-05-03 Zhengyang Li , Qingying Xue

In the number field context, Bang-Zsigmondy's theorem states that for any integers $u, m > 1$, there exists a prime divisor $p$ of $u^m - 1$ such that $p$ does not divide $u^n - 1$ for every integer $0 < n < m$ except in some exceptional…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-05 Dong Quan Ngoc Nguyen

The second Hardy-Littlewood conjecture asserts that the prime counting function $\pi(x)$ satisfies the subadditive inequality \begin{align*} \pi(x+y)\leqslant \pi(x)+\pi (y) \end{align*} for all integers $x,y\geqslant 2$. By linking the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-03-05 Bittu Chahal , Ertan Elma , Nic Fellini , Akshaa Vatwani , Do Nhat Tan Vo

We adopt a physically motivated empirical approach to the characterisation of the distributions of twin and triplet primes within the set of primes, rather than in the set of all natural numbers. Remarkably, the occurrences of twins or…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 P. F. Kelly , Terry Pilling

For any measure preserving system $(X,\mathcal{X},\mu,T)$ and $A\in\mathcal{X}$ with $\mu(A)>0$, we show that there exist infinitely many primes $p$ such that $\mu\bigl(A\cap T^{-(p-1)}A\cap T^{-2(p-1)}A\bigr) > 0$ (the same holds with…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Nikos Frantzikinakis , Bernard Host , Bryna Kra

We establish new recurrence and multiple recurrence results for a rather large family $\mathcal{F}$ of non-polynomial functions which includes tempered functions defined in [11], as well as functions from a Hardy field with the property…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2020-04-16 Vitaly Bergelson , Joel Moreira , Florian K. Richter

A conjecture of Min\'a\v{c} and T\^an predicts that for any n>2, any prime p and any field k, the Massey product of n Galois cohomology classes in H^1(k,Z/pZ) must vanish if it is defined. We establish this conjecture when k is a number…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2023-02-01 Yonatan Harpaz , Olivier Wittenberg

Recently, many surveys are devoted to study the Clifford Fourier transform. Dealing with the real Clifford Fourier transform introduced by Hitzer [10], we establish analogues of the classical Heisenberg's inequality and Hardy's theorem in…

Classical Analysis and ODEs · Mathematics 2017-11-08 Rim Jday

This is an expository article on the recent marvellous theorem of Goldston, Pintz, and Yildirim on small gaps between prime numbers.

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 K. Soundararajan

This paper deals with the inequalities devoted to the comparison between the norm of a function on a compact hypergroup and the norm of its Fourier coefficients. We prove the classical Paley inequality in the setting of compact hypergroups…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2020-05-19 Vishvesh Kumar , Michael Ruzhansky

The prime detecting function (PDF) approach can be effective instrument in the investigation of numbers. The PDF is constructed by recurrence sequence - each successive prime adds a sieving factor in the form of PDF. With built-in prime…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2011-09-30 R. M. Abrarov , S. M. Abrarov

Littlewood--Paley theory is a fundamental tool for frequency localization, square-function control, and multiplier analysis, yet a systematic counterpart in the fractional Fourier transform (FrFT) setting has remained incomplete. We develop…

Functional Analysis · Mathematics 2026-05-13 Xiang Li Qianjun He , Zunwei Fu

Consider a degree-$d$ polynomial $f(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_n)$ of independent Rademacher random variables $\xi_1,\dots,\xi_n$. To what extent can $f(\xi_1,\dots,\xi_n)$ concentrate on a single point? This is the so-called polynomial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-05-30 Zhihan Jin , Matthew Kwan , Lisa Sauermann , Yiting Wang

Green and Tao proved that the primes contains arbitrarily long arithmetic progressions. We show that, essentially the same proof leads to the following result: The primes in an short interval contains many arithmetic progressions of any…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Chunlei Liu

We prove the analogue of Malle's conjecture for the global function field $\F_q(t)$ with $q$ sufficiently large, including a precise formula for the leading constant. The main ingredients are the recent breakthrough of Landesman--Levy on…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2026-01-06 Tim Santens

The function $Q(x):=\sum_{n\ge 1} (1/n) \sin(x/n)$ was introduced by Hardy and Littlewood [10] in their study of Lambert summability, and since then it has attracted attention of many researchers. In particular, this function has made a…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2012-04-11 Alexey Kuznetsov

Let $\F$ be the finite field of odd prime power order $q$, We find explicit expressions for the number of triples $\{\al-1,\al,\al+1 \}$ of consecutive non-zero squares in $\F$ and similarly for the number of triples of consecutive…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-08-07 Stephen D. Cohen

In 2004, de Mathan and Teuli\'e stated the $p$-adic Littlewood Conjecture ($p$-$LC$) in analogy with the classical Littlewood Conjecture. Given a field $\mathbb{K}$ and an irreducible polynomial $p(t)$ with coefficients in $\mathbb{K}$,…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2025-04-09 Samuel Garrett , Steven Robertson

In this paper we establish function field versions of two classical conjectures on prime numbers. The first says that the number of primes in intervals (x,x+x^epsilon] is about x^epsilon/log x and the second says that the number of primes…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2015-11-03 Efrat Bank , Lior Bary-Soroker , Lior Rosenzweig