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Using a generalization of the Madelung transformation, we derive the hydrodynamic representation of the Klein-Gordon-Einstein equations in the weak field limit. We consider a complex self-interacting scalar field with a $\lambda|\varphi|^4$…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2015-12-09 Abril Suárez , Pierre-Henri Chavanis

Contributions of the current-current and Darwin interactions and weak-relativistic addition to kinetic energy in the quantum hydrodynamic equations are considered. Features of hydrodynamic equations for two-dimensional layer of plasma…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-07-02 Pavel Andreev , Alexey Ivanov , Leonid Kuz'menkov

The relativistic Klein-Gordon system is studied as an illustration of Quantum Mechanics using non-Hermitian operators as observables. A version of the model is considered containing a generic coordinate- and energy-dependent…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-11-10 Miloslav Znojil , Hynek Bila , Vit Jakubsky

A relativistic quantum mechanical model to describe the quantum FEL dynamics has been developed. Neglecting the spin of electrons in the impacting beam, this model is based on the Klein-Gordon equation coupled to the Poisson equation for…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-10-20 Stephan I. Tzenov , Zhichu Chen

The Klein Paradox -- the anomalous scattering of relativistic fermions off a high potential step -- signals the limit of the single-particle interpretation of the Dirac equation. While Quantum Field Theory (QFT) resolves this via pair…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-17 Alan F. Tinoco

Starting from relativistic mass-less Madelung fluid, we shall develop a class of typical wave functions by imposing it to maximize Shannon entropy given its finite average quantum potential. We show that there is a class of solutions in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2009-08-19 Agung Budiyono

We consider Maxwell-Lorentz dynamics: that is to say, Newton's law under the action of a Lorentz's force which obeys the Maxwell equations. A natural class of solutions are those given by the Lagrangian submanifolds of the phase space when…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2012-02-21 Ricardo J. Alonso-Blanco

In this note, we first obtain the decomposition of the non-relativistic field velocity into the classical part (i.e., the velocity w=p/m OF the center-of-mass (CM), and the so-called quantum part (i.e., the velocity V of the motion IN the…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2007-05-23 G. Salesi , E. Recami , H. Hernandez F. , L. C. Kretly

Method of the quantum hydrodynamics has been applied in quantum plasmas studies. As the first step in our consideration, derivation of classical semi-relativistic (i. e. described by the Darwin Lagrangian on microscopic level)…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2014-06-24 A. Yu. Ivanov , P. A. Andreev , L. S. Kuz'menkov

In this work, we give the wave equations of relativistic and non-relativistic quantum mechanics which are different from the Schr\"{o}dinger and Klein-Gordon equation, and we also give the new relativistic wave equation of a charged…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Xiangyao Wu , Yiqing Guo , Xinguo Yin

Two alternative ways of description an evolution constrained by mass-shell equation are given by the hyperbolic and the periodic angles. In the both cases the angles are proportional to the mass. The differential operators with respect to…

General Physics · Physics 2015-06-11 Robert M. Yamaleev

In this work, the action of the relativistic electron is derived from the hydrodynamic formulation of the Dirac equation. In particular, in the hydrodynamic scenario, the four-velocity of the electron is regarded as an Eulerian field and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-09-12 Loris D'Alessi

In this paper the quantum hydrodynamic approach for the KGE owning a perturbative self-interaction term is developed. The generalized model to non-Euclidean space-time allows to determine the quantum energy impulse tensor density of mesons…

General Physics · Physics 2018-01-26 Piero Chiarelli

A Wigner-Klein-Kramers equation is proposed, which merges relativistic, quantum and thermo dynamics. The relativistic effect on quantum Brownian motion is studied via the Breit-Fermi Hamiltonian applied into a dissipative Madelung…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-03-12 Roumen Tsekov

Relativistic hydrodynamics of classic plasmas is derived from the microscopic model in the limit of ideal plasmas. The chain of equations is constructed step by step starting from the concentration evolution. It happens that the energy…

Plasma Physics · Physics 2023-08-09 Pavel A. Andreev

It is shown that low Reynolds number fluid flows can cause suspended particles to respond as though they were in an equilibrium system with an effective potential. This general result follows naturally from the fact that different methods…

Soft Condensed Matter · Physics 2019-06-19 Todd M. Squires

We derive and analyze a relativistic quantum hydrodynamic (RQHD) system on the Heisenberg group. Starting from the Klein--Gordon--Poisson system, we apply the Madelung transformation to obtain a fluid-type model in which the relativistic…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2026-04-13 Ben Duan , Yutian Li , Rongrong Yan , Ran Zhang

Positive-energy solutions of the Klein-Gordon equation form a Hilbert space of holomorphic functions on the future tube. This domain is interpreted as an extended phase space for the associated classical particle, the extra dimensions being…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2023-05-23 Gerald Kaiser

The logical inference approach to quantum theory, proposed earlier [Ann. Phys. 347 (2014) 45-73], is considered in a relativistic setting. It is shown that the Klein-Gordon equation for a massive, charged, and spinless particle derives from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-24 H. C. Donker , M. I. Katsnelson , H. De Raedt , K. Michielsen

Within this article one finds the statement of the Klein-Gordon problem within the real Hilbert space formalism ($\mathbbm R$HS) in terms of complex wave functions, and in terms of quaternionic wave functions as well. The complex…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Cristiano Rosa , Sergio Giardino