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We define the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of a random matrix polynomial with invertible leading coefficient, and we study it for complex $n \times n$ Gaussian monic matrix polynomials of degree $k$. We obtain exact formulae for…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-07-20 Giovanni Barbarino , Vanni Noferini

Given an $n \times n$ complex matrix $A$, let $$\mu_{A}(x,y):= \frac{1}{n} |\{1\le i \le n, \Re \lambda_i \le x, \Im \lambda_i \le y\}|$$ be the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of its eigenvalues $\lambda_i \in \BBC, i=1, ... n$. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-04-24 Terence Tao , Van Vu , Manjunath Krishnapur

In this note, we give a precise description of the limiting empirical spectral distribution (ESD) for the non-backtracking matrices for an Erd\H{o}s-R\'{e}nyi graph assuming $np/\log n$ tends to infinity. We show that derandomizing part of…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-01-01 Ke Wang , Philip Matchett Wood

We study the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) for complex n x n matrix polynomials of degree k. We obtain exact formulae for the almost sure limit of the ESD in two distinct scenarios: (1) n -> \infty with k constant and (2) k ->…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-22 Giovanni Barbarino , Vanni Noferini

The famous \emph{circular law} asserts that if $M_n$ is an $n \times n$ matrix with iid complex entries of mean zero and unit variance, then the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of the normalized matrix $\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}} M_n$…

Probability · Mathematics 2009-01-01 Terence Tao , Van Vu

In this short note, we extend the celebrated results of Tao and Vu, and Krishnapur on the universality of empirical spectral distributions to a wide class of inhomogeneous complex random matrices, by showing that a technical and…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-06-11 Vishesh Jain , Sandeep Silwal

For each $n$, let $A_n=(\sigma_{ij})$ be an $n\times n$ deterministic matrix and let $X_n=(X_{ij})$ be an $n\times n$ random matrix with i.i.d. centered entries of unit variance. We study the asymptotic behavior of the empirical spectral…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-08-03 Nicholas A. Cook , Walid Hachem , Jamal Najim , David Renfrew

Spectral properties of random matrices play an important role in statistics, machine learning, communications, and many other areas. Engaging results regarding the convergence of the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) and the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-07-08 Zeyan Zhuang , Xin Zhang , Dongfang Xu , Shenghui Song

These expository notes are centered around the circular law theorem, which states that the empirical spectral distribution of a nxn random matrix with i.i.d. entries of variance 1/n tends to the uniform law on the unit disc of the complex…

Probability · Mathematics 2012-03-14 Charles Bordenave , Djalil Chafai

We study the spectrum of a random multigraph with a degree sequence ${\bf D}_n=(D_i)_{i=1}^n$ and average degree $1 \ll \omega_n \ll n$, generated by the configuration model, and also the spectrum of the analogous random simple graph. We…

Probability · Mathematics 2020-05-15 Amir Dembo , Eyal Lubetzky , Yumeng Zhang

We consider the limiting spectral distribution of matrices of the form $\frac{1}{2b_{n}+1} (R + X)(R + X)^{*}$, where $X$ is an $n\times n$ band matrix of bandwidth $b_{n}$ and $R$ is a non random band matrix of bandwidth $b_{n}$. We show…

Probability · Mathematics 2017-08-02 Indrajit Jana , Alexander Soshnikov

Consider the product $X = X_{1}\cdots X_{m}$ of $m$ independent $n\times n$ iid random matrices. When $m$ is fixed and the dimension $n$ tends to infinity, we prove Gaussian limits for the centered linear spectral statistics of $X$ for…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-04-11 Natalie Coston , Sean O'Rourke

Consider an $n \times p$ data matrix $X$ whose rows are independently sampled from a population with covariance $\Sigma$. When $n,p$ are both large, the eigenvalues of the sample covariance matrix are substantially different from those of…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2017-10-03 Edgar Dobriban

Let $ X_{n} $ be $ n\times N $ random complex matrices, $R_{n}$ and $T_{n}$ be non-random complex matrices with dimensions $n\times N$ and $n\times n$, respectively. We assume that the entries of $ X_{n} $ are independent and identically…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-31 Huanchao Zhou , Zhidong Bai , Jiang Hu

Random sampling of large Markov matrices with a tunable spectral gap, a nonuniform stationary distribution, and a nondegenerate limiting empirical spectral distribution (ESD) is useful. Fix $c>0$ and $p>0$. Let $A_n$ be the adjacency matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2015-09-09 Zhiyi Chi

The multivariate Kendall-$\tau$ statistic, denoted by $K_n$, plays a significant role in robust statistical analysis. This paper establishes the limiting properties of the empirical spectral distribution (ESD) of $K_n$. We demonstrate that…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-11-25 Ruoyu Wu

We consider the spectrum of additive, polynomially vanishing random perturbations of deterministic matrices, as follows. Let $M_N$ be a deterministic $N\times N$ matrix, and let $G_N$ be a complex Ginibre matrix. We consider the matrix…

Probability · Mathematics 2018-12-17 Anirban Basak , Elliot Paquette , Ofer Zeitouni

Let $T_N$ denote an $N\times N$ Toeplitz matrix with finite, $N$ independent symbol ${\bf a}$. For $E_N$ a noise matrix satisfying mild assumptions (ensuring, in particular, that $N^{-1/2}\|E_N\|_{{\rm HS}}\to_{N\to\infty} 0$ at a…

Probability · Mathematics 2019-11-14 Anirban Basak , Elliot Paquette , Ofer Zeitouni

In this paper, we study the convergence rates of empirical spectral distribution of large dimensional quaternion sample covariance matrix. Assume that the entries of $\mathbf X_n$ ($p\times n$) are independent quaternion random variables…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-12-30 Huiqin LI , Zhidong Bai

We consider the convergence of the ESD for non-Hermitian random band matrices with independent entries to the circular law, which is the uniform measure on the unit disk in the center of the complex plane. We assume that the bandwidth of…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-12-02 Yi Han
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