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We present a new, simple, and efficient approach for computing the Lempel-Ziv (LZ77) factorization of a string in linear time, based on suffix arrays. Computational experiments on various data sets show that our approach constantly…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-01-21 Keisuke Goto , Hideo Bannai

Given a string $S$ of length $N$ on a fixed alphabet of $\sigma$ symbols, a grammar compressor produces a context-free grammar $G$ of size $n$ that generates $S$ and only $S$. In this paper we describe data structures to support the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-08-15 Djamal Belazzougui , Simon J. Puglisi , Yasuo Tabei

Suffix arrays and LCP arrays are one of the most fundamental data structures widely used for various kinds of string processing. We consider two problems for a read-only string of length $N$ over an integer alphabet $[1, \dots, \sigma]$ for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-07-16 Keisuke Goto

We present an algorithm for computing the Lyndon factorization of a string that is given in grammar compressed form, namely, a Straight Line Program (SLP). The algorithm runs in $O(n^4 + mn^3h)$ time and $O(n^2)$ space, where $m$ is the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-29 Tomohiro I , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda

The problem of parsing has been studied extensively for various formal grammars. Given an input string and a grammar, the parsing problem is to check if the input string belongs to the language generated by the grammar. A closely related…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Sanguthevar Rajasekaran , Marius Nicolae

An LZ-like factorization of a string divides it into factors, each being either a single character or a copy of a preceding substring. While grammar-based compression schemes support efficient random access with space linear in the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hiroki Shibata , Yuto Nakashima , Yutaro Yamaguchi , Shunsuke Inenaga

We propose a new approach for universal lossless text compression, based on grammar compression. In the literature, a target string $T$ has been compressed as a context-free grammar $G$ in Chomsky normal form satisfying $L(G) = \{T\}$. Such…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Hiroaki Naganuma , Diptarama Hendrian , Ryo Yoshinaka , Ayumi Shinohara , Naoki Kobayashi

Classically, the edit distance of two length-$n$ strings can be computed in $O(n^2)$ time, whereas an $O(n^{2-\epsilon})$-time procedure would falsify the Orthogonal Vectors Hypothesis. If the edit distance does not exceed $k$, the running…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Daniel Gibney , Ce Jin , Tomasz Kociumaka , Sharma V. Thankachan

The problem of constructing optimal factoring automata arises in the context of unification factoring for the efficient execution of logic programs. Given an ordered set of $n$ strings of length $m$, the problem is to construct a trie-like…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Thomas Erlebach , Kleitos Papadopoulos

Let G be a context-free grammar (CFG) in Chomsky normal form. We take the number of rules in G to be the size of G. We also assume all CFGs are in Chomsky normal form. We consider the question of, given a string w of length n, what is the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-06-04 Lance Fortnow , William Gasarch

We solve an open problem related to an optimal encoding of a straight line program (SLP), a canonical form of grammar compression deriving a single string deterministically. We show that an information-theoretic lower bound for representing…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-06-18 Yasuo Tabei , Yoshimasa Takabatake , Hiroshi Sakamoto

In grammar-based compression a string is represented by a context-free grammar, also called a straight-line program (SLP), that generates only that string. We refine a recent balancing result stating that one can transform an SLP of size…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-02 Moses Ganardi

It was recently proved that any SLP generating a given string $w$ can be transformed in linear time into an equivalent balanced SLP of the same asymptotic size. We show that this result also holds for RLSLPs, which are SLPs extended with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Gonzalo Navarro , Francisco Olivares , Cristian Urbina

Usually, a parser for an $LR(k)$-grammar $G$ is a deterministic pushdown transducer which produces backwards the unique rightmost derivation for a given input string $x \in L(G)$. The best known upper bound for the size of such a parser is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2015-11-19 Norbert Blum

We study the problem of supporting queries on a string $S$ of length $n$ within a space bounded by the size $\gamma$ of a string attractor for $S$. Recent works showed that random access on $S$ can be supported in optimal…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-12-24 Nicola Prezza

We describe a matrix multiplication recognition algorithm for a subset of binary linear context-free rewriting systems (LCFRS) with running time $O(n^{\omega d})$ where $M(m) = O(m^{\omega})$ is the running time for $m \times m$ matrix…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2016-03-09 Shay B. Cohen , Daniel Gildea

We present a new algorithm for subsequence matching in grammar compressed strings. Given a grammar of size $n$ compressing a string of size $N$ and a pattern string of size $m$ over an alphabet of size $\sigma$, our algorithm uses…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2014-06-06 Philip Bille , Patrick Hagge Cording , Inge Li Gørtz

With the increasing number of mobile devices, there has been continuous research on generating optimized Language Models (LMs) for soft keyboard. In spite of advances in this domain, building a single LM for low-end feature phones as well…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-12 Sharmila Mani , Sourabh Vasant Gothe , Sourav Ghosh , Ajay Kumar Mishra , Prakhar Kulshreshtha , Bhargavi M , Muthu Kumaran

The Lempel-Ziv 77 (LZ77) factorization is a fundamental compression scheme widely used in text processing and data compression. In this work, we investigate the time complexity of maintaining the LZ77 factorization of a dynamic string. By…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Itai Boneh , Shay Golan , Matan Kraus

We present the first worst-case linear time algorithm that directly computes the parameterized suffix and LCP arrays for constant sized alphabets. Previous algorithms either required quadratic time or the parameterized suffix tree to be…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2019-06-04 Noriki Fujisato , Yuto Nakashima , Shunsuke Inenaga , Hideo Bannai , Masayuki Takeda