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Reinforcement learning is an active research area with a vast number of applications in robotics, and the RoboCup competition is an interesting environment for studying and evaluating reinforcement learning methods. A known difficulty in…

Reinforcement learning (RL) has progressed substantially over the past decade, with much of this progress being driven by benchmarks. Many benchmarks are focused on video or board games, and a large number of robotics benchmarks lack…

Any sports competition needs a timetable, specifying when and where teams meet each other. The recent International Timetabling Competition (ITC2021) on sports timetabling showed that, although it is possible to develop general algorithms,…

The RoboCup 3D Soccer Simulation League serves as a competitive platform for showcasing innovation in autonomous humanoid robot agents through simulated soccer matches. Our team, FC Portugal, developed a new codebase from scratch in Python…

Tournaments are a widely used mechanism to rank alternatives in a noisy environment. This paper investigates a fundamental issue of economics in tournament design: what is the best usage of limited resources, that is, how should the…

Cyrus 2D Soccer Simulation was established 2012 with the aim of research and develop in multi agents systems. This year we have joined with Ziziphus for collaboration and speed up our researches. This paper express a brief description of a…

This paper presents the concepts of Artificial Intelligence, Multi-Agent-Systems, Coordination, Intelligent Robotics and Deep Reinforcement Learning. Emphasis is given on and how AI and DRL, may be efficiently used to create efficient robot…

In this paper new hierarchical hybrid fuzzy-crisp methods for decision making and action selection of an agent in soccer simulation 3D environment are presented. First, the skills of an agent are introduced, implemented and classified in…

We investigate multi-round team competitions between two teams, where each team selects one of its players simultaneously in each round and each player can play at most once. The competition defines an extensive-form game with perfect…

This paper studies the problem of robot performance evaluation, focusing on how to obtain accurate and efficient estimates of real-world behavior under severe constraints on physical experimentation. Such estimates are essential for…

Multi-round competitions often double or triple the points awarded in the final round, calling it a bonus, to maximize spectators' excitement. In a two-player competition with $n$ rounds, we aim to derive the optimal bonus size to maximize…

RoboCup represents an International testbed for advancing research in AI and robotics, focusing on a definite goal: developing a robot team that can win against the human world soccer champion team by the year 2050. To achieve this goal,…

There has always been much motivation for sharing code and solutions among teams in the RoboCup community. Yet the transfer of code between teams was usually complicated due to a huge variety of used frameworks and their differences in…

The draw of some knockout tournaments requires finding a perfect matching in a balanced bipartite graph. The problem becomes challenging with draw constraints: the two draw procedures used in sports are known to be non-uniformly distributed…

Stochastic optimization algorithms have been successfully applied in several domains to find optimal solutions. Because of the ever-growing complexity of the integrated systems, novel stochastic algorithms are being proposed, which makes…

In the run-up to any major sports tournament, winning probabilities of participants are publicized for engagement and betting purposes. These are generally based on simulating the tournament tens of thousands of times by sampling from…

The usual FIFA World Cup-TM group stage format is eight groups of four teams for a total of 32 teams. The top two teams from each group advance to the next round, resulting in a 16-team knockout stage. The next edition of the World Cup will…

This article offers a literature review of goalkeeper robots in the context of the RoboCupSoccer competition. The latter is one of the various league categories hosted by the RoboCup Federation, which fosters AI and Robotics with their…

The outcome of some football matches has benefited both teams at the expense of a third team because head-to-head results were used for breaking ties. Inspired by these examples, our mathematical analysis identifies all possible collusion…

Soccer Simulation 2D League is one of the major leagues of RoboCup competitions. In a Soccer Simulation 2D (SS2D) game, two teams of 11 players and one coach compete against each other. Several base codes have been released for the RoboCup…