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Random geometric graphs are widely used in modeling geometry and dependence structure in networks. In a random geometric graph, nodes are independently generated from some probability distribution $F$ over a metric space, and edges link…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-10-17 Mingao Yuan

For a fixed graph H, the function #IndSub(H,*) maps graphs G to the count of induced H-copies in G; this function obviously "counts something" in that it has a combinatorial interpretation. Linear combinations of such functions are called…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Markus Bläser , Radu Curticapean , Julian Dörfler , Christian Ikenmeyer

The neighborhood complex of a graph was introduced by Lov\'asz to provide topological lower bounds on chromatic number. More general homomorphism complexes of graphs were further studied by Babson and Kozlov. Such `Hom complexes' are also…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-08-16 Anton Dochtermann , Anurag Singh

Homophily principle, \ie{} nodes with the same labels or similar attributes are more likely to be connected, has been commonly believed to be the main reason for the superiority of Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) over traditional Neural…

In this paper we introduce a general framework for the study of limits of relational structures in general and graphs in particular, which is based on a combination of model theory and (functional) analysis. We show how the various…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-23 Jaroslav Nesetril , Patrice Ossona De Mendez

We consider the complexity of counting weighted graph homomorphisms defined by a symmetric matrix $A$. Each symmetric matrix $A$ defines a graph homomorphism function $Z_A(\cdot)$, also known as the partition function. Dyer and Greenhill…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2020-02-07 Artem Govorov , Jin-Yi Cai , Martin Dyer

Let ${\mathbb{D}}^{m\times n}$ be the set of $m\times n$ matrices over a division ring $\mathbb{D}$. Two matrices $A,B\in {\mathbb{D}}^{m\times n}$ are adjacent if ${\rm rank}(A-B)=1$. By the adjacency, ${\mathbb{D}}^{m\times n}$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-02-21 Li-Ping Huang , Kang Zhao

A homomorphism from a graph $G$ to a graph $H$ is an edge-preserving mapping from $V(G)$ to $V(H)$. In the graph homomorphism problem, denoted by $Hom(H)$, the graph $H$ is fixed and we need to determine if there exists a homomorphism from…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2023-12-08 Carla Groenland , Isja Mannens , Jesper Nederlof , Marta Piecyk , Paweł Rzążewski

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are a popular class of machine learning models whose major advantage is their ability to incorporate a sparse and discrete dependency structure between data points. Unfortunately, GNNs can only be used when such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-22 Luca Franceschi , Mathias Niepert , Massimiliano Pontil , Xiao He

For a graph class $\mathcal G$ and a graph $H$, the four $\mathcal G$-covering numbers of $H$, namely global ${\rm cn}_{g}^{\mathcal{G}}(H)$, union ${\rm cn}_{u}^{\mathcal{G}}(H)$, local ${\rm cn}_{l}^{\mathcal{G}}(H)$, and folded ${\rm…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-04-25 Miriam Goetze , Peter Stumpf , Torsten Ueckerdt

The goal of this work is to give precise bounds on the counting complexity of a family of generalized coloring problems (list homomorphisms) on bounded-treewidth graphs. Given graphs $G$, $H$, and lists $L(v)\subseteq V(H)$ for every $v\in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-01 Jacob Focke , Dániel Marx , Paweł Rzążewski

We study the problem of counting the number of homomorphisms from an input graph $G$ to a fixed (quantum) graph $\bar{H}$ in any finite field of prime order $\mathbb{Z}_p$. The subproblem with graph $H$ was introduced by Faben and Jerrum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-08-19 J. A. Gregor Lagodzinski , Andreas Göbel , Katrin Casel , Tobias Friedrich

Network complexity has been studied for over half a century and has found a wide range of applications. Many methods have been developed to characterize and estimate the complexity of networks. However, there has been little research with…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-01-13 Yann Issartel

We introduce the Density Formula for (topological) drawings of graphs in the plane or on the sphere, which relates the number of edges, vertices, crossings, and sizes of cells in the drawing. We demonstrate its capability by providing…

We study the connections between the notions of combinatorial discrepancy and graph degeneracy. In particular, we prove that the maximum discrepancy over all subgraphs $H$ of a graph $G$ of the neighborhood set system of $H$ is sandwiched…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Mario Grobler , Yiting Jiang , Patrice Ossona de Mendez , Sebastian Siebertz , Alexandre Vigny

We generalize subgraph densities, arising in dense graph limit theory, to Markov spaces (symmetric measures on the square of a standard Borel space). More generally, we define an analogue of the set of homomorphisms in the form of a measure…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-11-13 Dávid Kunszenti-Kovács , László Lovász , Balázs Szegedy

A dynamic graph algorithm is a data structure that answers queries about a property of the current graph while supporting graph modifications such as edge insertions and deletions. Prior work has shown strong conditional lower bounds for…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Monika Henzinger , Ami Paz , A. R. Sricharan

Separation logics are widely used for verifying programs that manipulate complex heap-based data structures. These logics build on so-called separation algebras, which allow expressing properties of heap regions such that modifications to a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-11-21 Siddharth Krishna , Alexander J. Summers , Thomas Wies

We consider the complexity of counting homomorphisms from an $r$-uniform hypergraph $G$ to a symmetric $r$-ary relation $H$. We give a dichotomy theorem for $r>2$, showing for which $H$ this problem is in FP and for which $H$ it is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-01-04 Martin Dyer , Leslie Ann Goldberg , Mark Jerrum

Fixed point theorems are one of the many tools used to prove existence and uniqueness of differential equations. When the data involved contains products of distributions, some of these tools may not be useful. Thus rises the necessity to…

Analysis of PDEs · Mathematics 2022-05-03 S. O. Juriaans , J. Oliveira