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Considering effects of tidal plus centrifugal stress acting on icy-rocks and the tensile strength thereof, icy-rocks being in the density range (1-2.4) g cm-3 which had come into existence as collisional ejecta (debris) in the vicinity of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2011-09-09 J. J. Rawal , Bijan Nikouravan

Context. Solid methane (CH$_4$) is an important molecule in interstellar and planetary environments, serving as a precursor to complex organic compounds, and it is a potential biosignature in exoplanetary studies. Despite its significance,…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-18 Varvara Karteyeva , Ruslan Nakibov , Igor Petrashkevich , Mikhail Medvedev , Anton Vasyunin

We analyze data from the final two years of the Cassini mission to retrieve the distributions of methane, ethane, acetylene, ethylene, and benzene in Saturn's upper stratosphere and mesosphere from stellar occultations observed by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-05-06 Zarah L. Brown , Tommi T. Koskinen , Julianne I. Moses , Sandrine Guerlet

The New Horizons spacecraft's nominal trajectory crosses the planet's satellite plane at $\sim 10,000\ \rm{km}$ from the barycenter, between the orbits of Pluto and Charon. I have investigated the risk to the spacecraft based on…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-11-08 Henry B. Throop

The 2019 January 01 flypast of Ultima Thule by the New Horizons spacecraft has provided the author with a new opportunity to test his gas ring model of planetary origin (Prentice, 1978, Moon Planets 19 341). The model proposes that Ultima…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-01-21 Andrew J. R. Prentice

A model for the formation and distribution of sedimentary rocks on Mars is proposed. The rate-limiting step is supply of liquid water from seasonal melting of snow or ice. The model is run for a O(10^2) mbar pure CO2 atmosphere, dusty snow,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 Edwin S. Kite , Itay Halevy , Melinda A. Kahre , Michael J. Wolff , Michael Manga

In recent years, JWST has facilitated detections of carbon-bearing molecules in the atmospheres of temperate sub-Neptunes orbiting M dwarfs, ushering in a new era in the characterization of this intriguing planetary regime. We report the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-12-19 Frances E. Rigby , Nikku Madhusudhan , Subhajit Sarkar , Lorenzo Pica-Ciamarra , Måns Holmberg , Julianne I. Moses

We present narrow-band photometric measurements of the exoplanet GJ 1214b using the 10.4 m Gran Telescopio Canarias (GTC) and the OSIRIS instrument. Using tuneable filters we observed a total of five transits, three of which were observed…

Pluto's atmospheric haze settles out rapidly compared with geological timescales. It needs to be accounted for as a surface material, distinct from Pluto's icy bedrock and from the volatile ices that migrate via sublimation and condensation…

We search for meridional variation in the abundance of CH$_3$D relative to CH$_4$ on Titan using near-IR spectra obtained with NIRSPAO at Keck, which have a photon-limited signal-to-noise ratio of $\sim$50. Our observations can rule out a…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-06-01 Máté Ádámkovics , Jonathan L. Mitchell

We present a study of atmospheric disturbances at Jezero Crater, Mars, using ground-based measurements of surface pressure by the Perseverance rover in combination with orbital images from the Mars Express and Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter…

The ratio of deuterium to hydrogen (D/H ratio) of Solar System bodies is an important clue to their formation histories. Here we fit a Neptunian atmospheric model to Gemini Near Infrared Spectrograph (GNIRS) high spectral resolution…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-03-30 Daniel V. Cotton , Lucyna L. Kedziora-Chudczer , Kimberly Bott , Jeremy Bailey

With no analogues in the Solar System, the discovery of thousands of exoplanets with masses and radii intermediate between Earth and Neptune was one of the big surprises of exoplanet science. These super-Earths and sub-Neptunes likely…

Almost all planetary atmospheres are affected by disequilibrium chemical processes. In this paper we introduce our recently developed Chemical Kinetic Model (\texttt{ChemKM}). We show that the results of our HD189733b model are in good…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-10-09 Karan Molaverdikhani , Thomas Henning , Paul Mollière

Penitentes are ablative features observed in snow and ice that, on Earth, are characterized by regular cm to tens of cm spaced bowl-shaped depressions whose edges grade into tall spires up to several meters tall (Nichols et al. 1939,…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-07-25 John E. Moores , Christina L. Smith , Anthony Toigo , Scott Guzewich

We investigate the physical characteristics of the Solar System's proposed Planet Nine using modeling tools with a heritage in studying Uranus and Neptune. For a range of plausible masses and interior structures, we find upper limits on the…

Context. Icy dwarf planets are key for studying the chemical and physical states of ices in the outer solar system. The study of secular and rotational variations gives us hints of the processes that contribute to the evolution of their…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 V. Lorenzi , N. Pinilla-Alonso , J. Licandro

Volcanism on Venus has never been directly observed, but several measurements indicate present-day activity. Volcanism could potentially play a role in climatic processes on Venus, especially in the sulfur cycle like on Earth. Observation…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-10-20 Maxence Lefèvre , Matteo Cerminara , Antonio Costa

The details of the Solar system's formation are still heavily debated. Questions remain about the formation locations of the giant planets, and the degree to which volatile material was mixed throughout the proto-planetary system. One…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2013-02-20 Lucyna Kedziora-Chudczer , Jeremy Bailey , Jonathan Horner

The New Horizons spacecraft provided near global observations of Pluto that far exceed the resolution of Earth-based data sets. Most Pluto New Horizons analysis hitherto has focused on the encounter hemisphere of Pluto (i.e., the antiCharon…