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Related papers: ARSENAL: Automatic Requirements Specification Extr…

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Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is an expressive formal language for specifying spatio-temporal requirements over real-valued, real-time signals. It has been widely used for the verification and synthesis of autonomous systems and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Bowen Ye , Zhijian Li , Junyue Huang , Junkai Ma , Xiang Yin

We study the generalization abilities of language models when translating natural language into formal specifications with complex semantics. In particular, we fine-tune language models on three datasets consisting of English sentences and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-10-21 Christopher Hahn , Frederik Schmitt , Julia J. Tillman , Niklas Metzger , Julian Siber , Bernd Finkbeiner

Early-stage specifications of safety-critical systems are typically expressed in natural language, making it difficult to derive formal properties suitable for verification and needed to guarantee safety. While recent Large Language Model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Alberto Tagliaferro , Bruno Guindani , Livia Lestingi , Matteo Rossi

This paper moves the first step towards automating the composition of Answer Set Programming (ASP) specifications. In particular, the following contributions are provided: (i) A dataset focused on graph-related problem specifications,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Manuel Borroto , Irfan Kareem , Francesco Ricca

Using an AI assistant, we developed a method for systematically constructing controlled natural language for requirements based on formal specification patterns containing logical attributes. The method involves three stages: 1) compiling a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Natalia Garanina , Vladimir Zyubin , Igor Anureev

AutomationML (AML) enables standardized data exchange in engineering, yet existing recommendations for proper AML modeling are typically formulated as informal and textual constraints. These constraints cannot be validated automatically…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Tom Westermann , Aljosha Köcher , Felix Gehlhoff

Integrating autonomous and adaptive behavior into software-intensive systems presents significant challenges for software development, as uncertainties in the environment or decision-making processes must be explicitly captured. These…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Anastasia Mavridou , Marie Farrell , Gricel Vázquez , Tom Pressburger , Timothy E. Wang , Radu Calinescu , Michael Fisher

The automatic extraction of structure from text can be difficult for machines. Yet, the elicitation of this information can provide many benefits and opportunities for various applications. Benefits have also been identified for the area of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-02-11 Maximilian Vierlboeck , Carlo Lipizzi , Roshanak Nilchiani

Use case specifications have successfully been used for requirements description. They allow joining, in the same modeling space, the expectations of the stakeholders as well as the needs of the software engineer and analyst involved in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-04-04 Rui Couto , António Nestor Ribeiro , José Creissac Campos

Recently generating natural language explanations has shown very promising results in not only offering interpretable explanations but also providing additional information and supervision for prediction. However, existing approaches…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Wangchunshu Zhou , Jinyi Hu , Hanlin Zhang , Xiaodan Liang , Maosong Sun , Chenyan Xiong , Jian Tang

Software requirements specification is undoubtedly critical for the whole software life-cycle. Nowadays, writing software requirements specifications primarily depends on human work. Although massive studies have been proposed to fasten the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-12-01 Ziyan Zhao , Li Zhang , Xiaoyun Gao , Xiaoli Lian , Heyang Lv , Lin Shi

English language requirements are often used to specify the behavior of complex cyber-physical systems. The process of transforming these requirements to a formal specification language is often challenging, especially if the specification…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-04-28 John D. Backes , Michael W. Whalen , Andrew Gacek , John Komp

The increasing adoption of neural networks in learning-augmented systems highlights the importance of model safety and robustness, particularly in safety-critical domains. Despite progress in the formal verification of neural networks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Shuowei Jin , Francis Y. Yan , Cheng Tan , Anuj Kalia , Xenofon Foukas , Z. Morley Mao

The use of model such as LEL (Lexicon Extended Language) in natural language is very interesting in Requirements Engineering. But LEL, even if it is derived from the Universe of Discourse (UofD) does not provide further details on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-01-08 Jean Luc Razafindramintsa , Thomas Mahatody , Josvah Paul Razafimandimby

Formal methods provide very powerful tools and techniques for the design and analysis of complex systems. Their practical application remains however limited, due to the widely accepted belief that formal methods require extensive expertise…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-25 Jie He , Ezio Bartocci , Dejan Ničković , Haris Isakovic , Radu Grosu

In a recent thread of papers, we have introduced FQL, a precise specification language for test coverage, and developed the test case generation engine FShell for ANSI C. In essence, an FQL test specification amounts to a set of regular…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2013-05-28 Andreas Holzer , Christian Schallhart , Michael Tautschnig , Helmut Veith

Synthesis is the automated construction of a system from its specification. The system has to satisfy its specification in all possible environments. Modern systems often interact with other systems, or agents. Many times these agents have…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2009-07-20 Dana Fisman , Orna Kupferman , Yoad Lustig

Automatic Service Composition is a research direction aimed at facilitating the usage of atomic web services. Particularly, the goal is to build workflows of services that solve specific queries, which cannot be resolved by any single…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Paul Diac , Liana Ţucăr , Andrei Netedu

Formal analysis of functional and non-functional requirements is crucial in automotive systems. The behaviors of those systems often rely on complex dynamics as well as on stochastic behaviors. We have proposed a probabilistic extension of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-11-01 Li Huang , Tian Liang , Eun-Young Kang

Despite the significant strides made by generative AI in just a few short years, its future progress is constrained by the challenge of building modular and robust systems. This capability has been a cornerstone of past technological…