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Formal methods are mathematically-based techniques for the rigorous development of software-intensive systems. The railway signaling domain is a field in which formal methods have traditionally been applied, with several success stories.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-02-28 Alessio Ferrari , Maurice H. ter Beek

The validation of requirements is a fundamental step in the development process of safety-critical systems. In safety critical applications such as aerospace, avionics and railways, the use of formal methods is of paramount importance both…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-06-28 Alessandro Cimatti , Marco Roveri , Angelo Susi , Stefano Tonetta

We review state-of-the-art formal methods applied to the emerging field of the verification of machine learning systems. Formal methods can provide rigorous correctness guarantees on hardware and software systems. Thanks to the availability…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2021-04-22 Caterina Urban , Antoine Miné

Formal methods and supporting tools have a long record of success in the development of safety-critical systems. However, no single tool has emerged as the dominant solution for system design. Each tool differs from the others in terms of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-05-14 Alessio Ferrari , Franco Mazzanti , Davide Basile , Maurice H. ter Beek

This paper presents the results achieved while pursuing the verification and validation of a train system behavior at the first steps of development in an industrial context. A method is proposed, supported by preliminary results through…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-09-05 Ronan Baduel , Iulian Ober , Jean-Michel Bruel

Nowadays, formal methods are used in various areas for the verification of programs or for code generation from models in order to increase the quality of software and to reduce costs. However, there are still fields in which formal methods…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-01 Matthias Weiß , Philipp Marks , Benjamin Maschler , Dustin White , Pascal Kesseli , Michael Weyrich

This paper is a brief introduction to our recently initiated project named VERIFAI: Traceability and verification of natural language requirements. The project addresses the challenges in the traceability and verification of formal…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-06-13 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

Context: The complexity of modern safety-critical systems in industries keep on increasing due to the rising number of features and functionalities. This calls for formal methods in order to entrust confidence in such systems. Nevertheless,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-08-17 Arut Prakash Kaleeswaran , Arne Nordmann , Thomas Vogel , Lars Grunske

Software correctness is ensured mathematically through formal verification, which involves the resources of generating formal requirement specifications and having an implementation that must be verified. Tools such as model-checkers and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-29 Arshad Beg , Diarmuid O'Donoghue , Rosemary Monahan

As hardware and software systems have grown in complexity, formal methods have been indispensable tools for rigorously specifying acceptable behaviors, synthesizing programs to meet these specifications, and validating the correctness of…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Anastasios Manganaris , Vittorio Giammarino , Ahmed H. Qureshi , Suresh Jagannathan

Use case driven development methodologies put use cases at the center of the software development process. However, in order to support automated development and analysis, use cases need to be appropriately formalized. This will also help…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2016-03-30 Rui Couto , António Nestor Ribeiro , José Creissac Campos

Even if the verification of authentication protocols can be achieved by means of formal analysis, the modelling of such an activity is an error-prone task due to the lack of automated and integrated processes. This paper proposes a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-10-07 Mariapia Raimondo , Stefano Marrone , Angelo Palladino

In industrial model-based development (MBD) frameworks, requirements are typically specified informally using textual descriptions. To enable the application of formal methods, these specifications need to be formalized in the input…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Philipp Berger , Johanna Nellen , Joost-Pieter Katoen , Erika Abraham , Md Tawhid Bin Waez , Thomas Rambow

Formal methods provide systematic and rigorous techniques for software development. We strongly believe that they must be taught in computer science curricula. In this paper we present the pedagogic rationale and the concrete implementation…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-11-17 Salwa Souaf , Frédéric Loulergue

Formal Methods are mathematically-based techniques for software design and engineering, which enable the unambiguous description of and reasoning about a system's behaviour. Autonomous systems use software to make decisions without human…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-07-29 Matt Luckcuck

Virtually all verification techniques using formal methods rely on the availability of a formal specification, which describes the design requirements precisely. However, formulating specifications remains a manual task that is notoriously…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Daniel Neider , Rajarshi Roy

Formal verification of software is a bit of a niche activity: it is only applied to the most safety-critical or security-critical software and it is typically only performed by specialized verification engineers. This paper considers…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-11-02 Alastair Reid , Luke Church , Shaked Flur , Sarah de Haas , Maritza Johnson , Ben Laurie

The quality and correct functioning of software components embedded in electronic systems are of utmost concern especially for safety and mission-critical systems. Model-based testing and formal verification techniques can be employed to…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Shahbaz Ali , Hailong Sun , Yongwang Zhao

Recently, extensive efforts have been made on the application of expert system technique to solving the process planning task in the machining domain. This paper introduces a new formal method to design CAPP expert systems. The formal…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 V. V. Kryssanov , A. S. Kleshchev , Y. Fukuda , K. Konishi

This paper is in the intersection of software engineering and system engineering, two intimately intertwined disciplines. A dominating theme in this paper is the integral conceptualization of systems at large, as well as an underlying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-05 Sabah Al-Fedaghi
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