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Energy efficiency has emerged as a defining constraint in the evolution of sustainable Internet of Things (IoT) networks. This work moves beyond simulation-based or device-centric studies to deliver measurement-driven, network-level smart…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Mohammud J. Bocus , Senhui Qiu , Robert J. Piechocki , Kerstin Eder

Wireless connectivity for the Internet of Things (IoT) requires combining low latency and high reliability with power and cost constraints. On top of that, diverse applications and end-to-end services with very different performance…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-02-07 Yuri Murillo , Alessandro Chiumento , Brecht Reynders , Sofie Pollin

The Internet of Things helps to have every individual interconnected with their surroundings and to interact with them through smart devices. In recent years, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) technology has become very popular in smart…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Petros Spachos , Konstantinos Plataniotis

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) has become an intrinsic wireless technology for the Internet of Things (IoT). With the proliferation of BLE-embedded IoT devices, it is important to study the security and privacy implications of BLE. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-07-31 Sopan Sarkar , Jianqing Liu , Emil Jovanov

The IPv6 over Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) standard defines the transfer of IP data via BLE connections. This connection-oriented approach provides high reliability but increases packet delays and requires substantial overhead to manage BLE…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-10-13 Hauke Petersen , János Brodbeck , Thomas C. Schmidt , Matthias Wählisch

IPv6 over Low power Wireless Personal Area Network (6LoWPAN) is an emerging technology to enable ubiquitous IoT services. However, there are very few studies of the performance evaluation on real hardware environments. This paper…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-09-24 Varat Chawathaworncharoen , Vasaka Visoottiviseth , Ryousei Takano

The Internet of Things (IoT) opens the doors to a digital revolution, but requires a robust protocol to wirelessly interconnect a large number of devices. Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Mesh emerges as a suitable candidate, solving the range…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-07-22 Clara Nieto-Taladriz , Yuri Murillo , Sofie Pollin

One significant challenge in research is to collect a large amount of data and learn the underlying relationship between the input and the output variables. This paper outlines the process of collecting and validating a dataset designed to…

To defeat security threats such as man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks, Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) 4.2 and 5.x introduce the Secure Connections Only mode, under which a BLE device accepts only secure paring protocols including Passkey Entry…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-09-11 Yue Zhang , Jian Weng , Rajib Dey , Yier Jin , Zhiqiang Lin , Xinwen Fu

On demand sensing is emerging as a key paradigm in Internet of Things (IoT) systems, where devices remain in low power states and transmit data only upon event triggers. Such an operation requires wireless communication schemes that provide…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-04-09 Ziyao Zhou , Chen Shen , Sicong Shen , Hen-Wei Huang

As of today, large-scale wireless sensor networks are adopted for smart building applications as they are easy and flexible to deploy. Low-power wireless nodes can achieve multi-year lifetimes with an AA battery using Bluetooth Low Energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2019-05-13 Francesco Fraternali , Bharathan Balaji , Yuvraj Agarwal , Luca Benini , Rajesh Gupta

Minimizing the energy consumption of a wireless sensor network application is crucial for effective realization of the intended application in terms of cost, lifetime, and functionality. However, the minimizing task is hardly possible as no…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2011-12-30 Najmeh Kamyabpour , Doan B. Hoang

Narrowband Internet of Things (NB-IoT) is a recent addition to the 3GPP standards offering low power wide area networking (LP-WAN) for a massive amount of IoT devices communicating at low data rates in the licensed bands. As the number of…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-05-29 Milan Lukic , Srdjan Sobot , Ivan Mezei , Dragan Danilovic , Dejan Vukobratovic

Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE) Mesh is widely recognized as a driver technology for IoT applications. However, the lack of quality of service (QoS) in BLE Mesh, represented by packet prioritization, significantly limits its potential. This work…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-08-02 Jimmy Fernandez Landivar , Pieter Crombez , Sofie Pollin , Hazem Sallouha

The integration of security and energy efficiency in Internet of Things systems remains a critical challenge, particularly for battery-free and resource-constrained devices. This paper explores the scalability and protocol-agnostic nature…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-18 Taki Eddine Djidjekh , Gaël Loubet , Alexandru Takacs

Bluetooth Low Energy systems are one of the most popular solutions used for indoor localization. Unfortunately their accuracy might not be sufficient for some of the applications. One way to reduce localization errors is hybrid positioning,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-04-01 Marcin Kolakowski

A major challenge that is currently faced in the design of applications for the Internet of Things (IoT) concerns with the optimal use of available energy resources given the battery lifetime of the IoT devices. The challenge is derived…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2018-07-04 Alexios Lekidis , Panagiotis Katsaros

Energy Efficiency in wireless sensor networks is an important topic in which the nodes rely on battery power, and efficient energy usage is a key issue for sensitive applications that require long working times. This stimulates many…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-02-03 Ghassan Samara

In this paper, we study cross-layer optimization of low-power wireless links for reliability-aware applications while considering both the constraints and the non-ideal characteristics of the hardware in Internet-of-things (IoT) devices.…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2019-01-08 Aamir Mahmood , M. M. Aftab Hossain , Cicek Cavdar , Mikael Gidlund

Energy consumption of a wireless sensor node mainly depends on the amount of time the node spends in each of the high power active (e.g., transmit, receive) and low power sleep modes. It has been well established that in order to prolong…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Nursen Aydin , Mehmet Karaca , Ozgur Ercetin