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We propose a notion of a pluri-Lagrangian problem, which should be understood as an analog of multi-dimensional consistency for variational systems. This is a development along the line of research of discrete integrable Lagrangian systems…
Many integrable hierarchies of differential equations allow a variational description, called a Lagrangian multiform or a pluri-Lagrangian structure. The fundamental object in this theory is not a Lagrange function but a differential…
We investigate the relation between pluri-Lagrangian hierarchies of $2$-dimensional partial differential equations and their variational symmetries. The aim is to generalize to the case of partial differential equations the recent findings…
We analyze the relation of the notion of a pluri-Lagrangian system, which recently emerged in the theory of integrable systems, to the classical notion of variational symmetry, due to E. Noether. We treat classical mechanical systems and…
Recently, Lobb and Nijhoff initiated the study of variational (Lagrangian) structure of discrete integrable systems from the perspective of multi-dimensional consistency. In the present work, we follow this line of research and develop a…
For integrable systems in the sense of multidimensional consistency (MDC) we can consider the Lagrangian as a form, which is closed on solutions of the equations of motion. For 2-dimensional systems, described by partial difference…
A pluri-Lagrangian structure is an attribute of integrability for lattice equations and for hierarchies of differential equations. It combines the notion of multi-dimensional consistency (in the discrete case) or commutativity of the flows…
Multidimensional consistency has emerged as a key integrability property for partial difference equations (P$\Delta$Es) defined on the "space-time" lattice. It has led, among other major insights, to a classification of scalar affine-linear…
Recently, the first-named author gave a classification of 3D consistent 6-tuples of quad-equations with the tetrahedron property; several novel asymmetric 6-tuples have been found. Due to 3D consistency, these 6-tuples can be extended to…
The purpose of this article is to initiate a study of a class of Lorentz invariant, yet tractable, Lagrangian Field Theories which may be viewed as an extension of the Klein-Gordon Lagrangian to many scalar fields in a novel manner. These…
This paper is a summary of the theory of discrete embeddings introduced in [5]. A discrete embedding is an algebraic procedure associating a numerical scheme to a given ordinary differential equation. Lagrangian systems possess a…
Lagrangian multiform theory is a variational framework for integrable systems. In this article we introduce a new formulation which is based on symplectic geometry and which treats position, momentum and time coordinates of a…
A pluri-Lagrangian (or Lagrangian multiform) structure is an attribute of integrability that has mainly been studied in the context of multidimensionally consistent lattice equations. It unifies multidimensional consistency with the…
We show that well-chosen Lagrangians for a class of two-dimensional integrable lattice equations obey a closure relation when embedded in a higher dimensional lattice. On the basis of this property we formulate a Lagrangian description for…
The two-dimensional extension of the one-dimensional PDM-Lagrangians and their nonlocal point transformation mappings into constant unit-mass exactly solvable Lagrangians is introduced. The conditions on the related two-dimensional…
The classical Darboux system governing rotation coefficients of three-dimensional metrics of diagonal curvature possesses an equivalent formulation as a sixth-order PDE for a scalar potential (related to the corresponding $\tau$-function).…
We develop the concept of pluri-Lagrangian structures for integrable hierarchies. This is a continuous counterpart of the pluri-Lagrangian (or Lagrangian multiform) theory of integrable lattice systems. We derive the multi-time Euler…
We consider solutions of Lagrangian variational problems with linear constraints on the derivative. These solutions are given by curves $\gamma$ in a differentiable manifold $M$ that are everywhere tangent to a smooth distribution $\mathcal…
Any given system of ordinary differential equations in $n$-dimensional configuration space can be obtained from a peculiar variational problem with one local symmetry. The obtained action functional leads to the Hamiltonian formulation in…
One of the difficulties encountered when studying physical theories in discrete space-time is that of describing the underlying continuous symmetries (like Lorentz, or Galilei invariance). One of the ways of addressing this difficulty is to…