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In this paper we investigate systems previously identified to exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs) in Kepler data, with the goal of predicting the expected improvements to the mass and eccentricity constraints that will arise from…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-03-20 Max Goldberg , Sam Hadden , Matthew J. Payne , Matthew J. Holman

The transit timing variation technique (TTV) has been widely used to detect and characterize multiple planetary systems. Due to the observational biases imposed mainly by the photometric conditions and instrumentation and the high…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-07-14 C. von Essen , S. Cellone , M. Mallonn , B. Tingley , M. Marcussen

The transit timing variation (TTV) method allows the detection of non-transiting planets through their gravitational perturbations. Since TTVs are strongly enhanced in systems close to mean-motion resonances (MMR), even a low mass planet…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Gwenaël Boué , Mahmoudreza Oshagh , Marco Montalto , Nuno C. Santos

We develop and apply methods to extract planet masses and eccentricities from observed transit time variations (TTVs). First, we derive simple analytic expressions for the TTV that include the effects of both first- and second-order…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-09-07 Sam Hadden , Yoram Lithwick

We present new ways to identify single and multiple moons around extrasolar planets using planetary transit timing variations (TTVs) and transit duration variations (TDVs). For planets with one moon, measurements from successive transits…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2016-12-06 René Heller , Michael Hippke , Ben Placek , Daniel Angerhausen , Eric Agol

We report the detection of transit timing variations (TTVs) well in excess of one hour in the Kepler multi-planet candidate system KOI 806. This system exhibits transits consistent with three separate planets -- a Super-Earth, a Jupiter,…

Following on from Paper I in our series (Xie 2013), we report the confirmation by Transit Timing Variations (TTVs) of a further 30 planets in 15 multiple planet systems, using the publicly available Kepler light curves (Q0-Q16). All of…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Ji-Wei Xie

Transit Timing Variations, or TTVs, can be a very efficient way of constraining masses and eccentricities of multi-planet systems. Recent measurements of the TTVs of TRAPPIST-1 led to an estimate of the masses of the planets, enabling an…

Modern theoretical estimates show that with the help of real equipment we are able to detect large satellites of exoplanets (about the size of the Ganymede), although, numerical attempts of direct exomoon detection were unsuccessful. Lots…

Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics · Physics 2017-04-04 K. E. Naydenkin , D. S. Kaparulin

In a transiting planetary system, the presence of a second planet will cause the time interval between transits to vary. These transit timing variations (TTV) are particularly large near mean-motion resonances and can be used to infer the…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Jason H. Steffen , Eric Agol

We conduct a uniform analysis of the transit timing variations (TTVs) of 145 planets from 55 Kepler multiplanet systems to infer planet masses and eccentricities. Eighty of these planets do not have previously reported mass and eccentricity…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-06-28 Sam Hadden , Yoram Lithwick

Transiting exoplanets in multi-planet systems exhibit non-Keplerian orbits as a result of the gravitational influence from companions which can cause the times and durations of transits to vary. The amplitude and periodicity of the transit…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-12-24 Kyle A. Pearson

Aims. Hot Jupiters are thought to belong to single-planet systems. Somewhat surprisingly, some hot Jupiters have been reported to exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs). The aim of this paper is to identify the origin of these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-05 R. Szabó , Gy. M. Szabó , G. Dálya , A. E. Simon , G. Hodosán , L. L. Kiss

A transiting planet exhibits sinusoidal transit-time-variations (TTVs) if perturbed by a companion near a mean-motion-resonance (MMR). We search for sinusoidal TTVs in more than 2600 Kepler candidates, using the publicly available Kepler…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-16 Ji-Wei Xie , Yanqin Wu , Yoram Lithwick

Analysis of the transit timing variations (TTVs) of candidate pairs near mean-motion resonances (MMRs) is an effective method to confirm planets. Hitherto, 68 planets in 34 multi-planet systems have been confirmed via TTVs. We analyze the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-01-06 Ming Yang , Hui-Gen Liu , Hui Zhang , Ji-Lin Zhou

We investigated the discrepancy between planetary mass determination using the transit timing variations (TTVs) and radial velocities (RVs), by analysing the multi-planet system Kepler-9. Despite being the first system characterised with…

We present a new catalog of Kepler planet candidates that prioritizes accuracy of planetary dispositions and properties over uniformity. This catalog contains 4376 transiting planet candidates, including 1791 residing within 709…

There are now thousands of single-planet systems observed to exhibit transit timing variations (TTVs), yet we largely lack any interpretation of the implied masses responsible for these perturbations. Even when assuming these TTVs are…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2026-02-04 Daniel A. Yahalomi , David Kipping

Estimation of planetary orbital and physical parameters from light-curve data relies heavily on the accurate interpretation of Transit Timing Variations (TTV) measurements. In this letter, we review the process of TTV measurement and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-14 Yair Judkovsky , Aviv Ofir , Oded Aharonson

We fit a dynamical model to Kepler systems that contain four or more transiting planets using the analytic method AnalyticLC, and obtain physical and orbital parameters for 101 planets in 23 systems, of which 95 are of mass significance…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-14 Yair Judkovsky , Aviv Ofir , Oded Aharonson