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Optical non-linearities usually appear for large intensities, but discrete transitions allow for giant non-linearities operating at the single photon level. This has been demonstrated in the last decade for a single optical mode with cold…

We demonstrate suppression and enhancement of spontaneous parametric down- conversion via quantum interference with two weak fields from a local oscillator (LO). Pairs of LO photons are observed to upconvert with high efficiency for…

The realization of strong nonlinear coupling between single photons has been a long-standing goal in quantum optics and quantum information science, promising wide impact applications, such as all-optical deterministic quantum logic and…

We theoretically study the transmission of few-photon quantum fields through a strongly nonlinear optical medium. We develop a general approach to investigate non-equilibrium quantum transport of bosonic fields through a finite-size…

Ideally, strong non-linearities could be used to implement quantum gates for photonic qubits by well controlled two photon interactions. However, the dependence of the non-linear interaction on frequency and time makes it difficult to…

Optical non-linearities at the single photon level are key features to build efficient photon-photon gates and to implement quantum networks. Such optical non-linearities can be obtained using an ideal two-level system such as a single atom…

Enhancing optical nonlinearities so that they become appreciable on the single photon level and lead to nonclassical light fields has been a central objective in quantum optics for many years. After this has been achieved in individual…

By mapping the strong interaction between Rydberg excitations in ultra-cold atomic ensembles onto single photons via electromagnetically induced transparency, it is now possible to realize a nonlinear optical medium which exhibits a strong…

Achieving strong interactions between individual photons enables a wide variety of exciting possibilities in quantum information science and many-body physics. Cold atoms interfaced with nanophotonic structures have emerged as a platform to…

A coherent coupling among different energy photons provided by nonlinear optical interaction is regarded as a photonic version of the Rabi oscillation. Cavity enhancement of the nonlinearity reduces energy requirement significantly and…

In analogy to transistors in classical electronic circuits, a quantum optical switch is an important element of quantum circuits and quantum networks. Operated at the fundamental limit where a single quantum of light or matter controls…

Engineering strong interactions between optical photons is a great challenge for quantum science. Envisioned applications range from the realization of photonic gates for quantum information processing to synthesis of photonic quantum…

Realizing strong nonlinear optical responses is a long-standing goal of both fundamental and technological importance. Recently significant efforts have focused on exploring excitons in solids as a pathway to achieving nonlinearities even…

One of the central goals of quantum optics is to generate large interactions between single photons. Light interacting with motion in an optomechanical system can sense minute fluctuations in displacement, and also impart a force via…

Nonlinear optical effects provide a natural way of light manipulation and interaction, and form the foundation of applied photonics -- from high-speed signal processing and telecommunication, to ultra-high bandwidth interconnects and…

Coupling light to ensembles of strongly interacting particles has emerged as a promising route toward achieving few photon nonlinearities. One specific way to implement this kind of nonlinearity is to interface light with highly excited…

At the first glance, the expression "transparent superconductor" may seem an oxymoron. Still, the first principle calculations and experiments show that the materials that behave as superconductors at low frequencies and do not absorb in…

We have realized the nonlinear sign shift (NS) operation for photonic qubits.This operation shifts the phase of two photons reflected by a beam splitter using an extra single photon and measurement. We show that the conditional phase shift…

Second-order optical processes lead to a host of applications in classical and quantum optics. With the enhancement of parametric interactions that arise due to light confinement, on-chip implementations promise very-large-scale photonic…

We report two-photon resonance fluorescence of an individual semiconductor artificial atom. By non-linearly driving a single quantum dot via a two-photon transition, we probe the linewidth of the two-photon processes and show that, similar…