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Periodic variability in active galactic nuclei (AGNs) is a promising method for studying sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs), which are a challenging detection target. While extensive searches have been made in the optical,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-11-13 Di Luo , Ning Jiang , Xin Liu

Pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) may eventually be able to detect not only the stochastic gravitational-wave (GW) background of SMBH binaries, but also individual, particularly massive binaries whose signals stick out above the background. In…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-17 Takamitsu L. Tanaka , Zoltán Haiman

Graham et al. (2015) discovered a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) candidate and identified the detected 5.2 yr period of the optical variability as the orbital period of the binary. Hydrodynamical simulations predict multiple…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-09-30 Maria Charisi , Imre Bartos , Zoltán Haiman , Adrian M. Price-Whelan , Szabolcs Márka

NANOGrav, EPTA, PPTA, and CPTA have announced the evidence for a stochastic signal from their latest data sets. Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are supposed to be the most promising gravitational-wave (GW) sources of pulsar timing…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2023-11-16 Yan-Chen Bi , Yu-Mei Wu , Zu-Cheng Chen , Qing-Guo Huang

We studied the thermal stability of non-self-gravitating turbulent $\alpha$-discs around supermassive black holes (SMBHs) to test a new type of high-amplitude galactic nucleus flares. By calculating the disc structures, we computed the…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-01 G. V. Lipunova , A. S. Tavleev , K. L. Malanchev

Motivated by advances in observational searches for sub-parsec supermassive black hole binaries (SBHBs) made in the past few years we develop a semi-analytic model to describe spectral emission line signatures of these systems. The goal of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-09-21 Khai Nguyen , Tamara Bogdanovic

Abridged: Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) separated by (sub)-pc scales represent one of the latest stages of hierarchical galaxy assembly. However, many of these objects are hidden behind large columns of gas and dust at the…

Gas within the influence sphere of accreting massive black holes is responsible for the emission of the broad lines observed in optical-UV spectra of unobscured active galactic nuclei. Since the region contributing the most to the broad…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-04-08 Erika Sottocorno , Mary Ogborn , Lorenzo Bertassi , Fabio Rigamonti , Michael Eracleous , Massimo Dotti

We assess the effects of super-massive black hole (SMBH) environments on the gravitational-wave (GW) signal from binary SMBHs. To date, searches with pulsar timing arrays for GWs from binary SMBHs, in the frequency band $\sim1-100$\,nHz,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-19 V. Ravi , J. S. B. Wyithe , R. M. Shannon , G. Hobbs , R. N. Manchester

Recent observations indicate that many if not all galaxies host massive central black holes (BHs). In this paper we explore the influence of supermassive binary black holes (SMBBHs) on their actions as gravitational lenses. When lenses are…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-30 Nan Li , Shude Mao , Liang Gao , Abraham Loeb , R. Di Stefano

Very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) at millimeter (mm) wavelengths is being employed to resolve event-horizon scale structure of the environment surrounding the Milky-Way black hole, at an angular resolution of a few tens of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2018-09-05 Daniel J. D'Orazio , Abraham Loeb

Most massive galaxies contain a supermassive black hole (SMBH) at their center. When galaxies merge, their SMBHs sink to the center of the new galaxy where they are thought to eventually merge. During this process an SMBH binary is formed.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-03-30 Jacco H. Terwel , Peter G. Jonker

It is generally believed that gaseous disks around supermassive black hole (SMBH) binaries in centers of galaxies can facilitate binary merger and give rise to observational signatures both in electromagnetic and gravitational wave domains.…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-06-05 Roman R. Rafikov

Context. Binary systems of supermassive black holes are expected to be strong sources of long gravitational waves prior to merging. These systems are good candidates to be observed with forthcoming space-borne detectors. Only a few of these…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-04-13 Gustavo E. Romero , Gabriela S. Vila , Daniela Pérez

The radio galaxy 0402+379 is believed to host a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB). The two compact core sources are separated by a projected distance of 7.3 pc, making it the most (spatially) compact resolved SMBHB known. We present…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2017-07-05 Karishma Bansal , Greg B. Taylor , Alison. B. Peck , Robert T. Zavala , Roger W. Romani

Recoiling supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are considered one plausible physical mechanism to explain high velocity shifts between narrow and broad emission lines sometimes observed in quasar spectra. If the sphere of influence of the…

Gaseous circumbinary accretion discs provide a promising mechanism to facilitate the mergers of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in galactic nuclei. We measure the torques exerted on accreting SMBH binaries, using 2D, isothermal,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-05-29 Yike Tang , Andrew MacFadyen , Zoltan Haiman

We consider the evolution of a supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) surrounded by a retrograde accretion disk. Assuming the disk is exactly in the binary plane and transfers energy and angular momentum to the binary via direct gas…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-17 Jeremy D. Schnittman , Julian H. Krolik

Supermassive black hole binary systems (SMBHBs) should be the most powerful sources of gravitational waves (GWs) in the Universe. Once Pulsar Timing Arrays (PTAs) detect the stochastic GW background from their cosmic merger history,…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-06-26 Nicole M. Khusid , Chiara M. F. Mingarelli , Priyamvada Natarajan , J. Andrew Casey-Clyde , Anna Barnacka

Supermassive black hole binaries (SMBHBs) are natural by-products of galaxy mergers and are expected to be powerful multi-messenger sources. They can be powered by the accretion of matter and then radiate across the electromagnetic…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-06-26 E. M. Gutiérrez , L. Combi , G. E. Romero , M. Campanelli