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Protecting the Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) associated to Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) is a pressing need pushed by the high costs required to train such networks and the importance that DNNs are gaining in our society. Following its…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-18 Yue Li , Hongxia Wang , Mauro Barni

Detecting whether copyright holders' works were used in LLM pretraining is poised to be an important problem. This work proposes using data watermarks to enable principled detection with only black-box model access, provided that the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Johnny Tian-Zheng Wei , Ryan Yixiang Wang , Robin Jia

Recent progress in large language models enables the creation of realistic machine-generated content. Watermarking is a promising approach to distinguish machine-generated text from human text, embedding statistical signals in the output…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Patrick Chao , Yan Sun , Edgar Dobriban , Hamed Hassani

Deep learning has been achieving top performance in many tasks. Since training of a deep learning model requires a great deal of cost, we need to treat neural network models as valuable intellectual properties. One concern in such a…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-01-21 Ryota Namba , Jun Sakuma

Cloud computing opportunities have presented service options for users that are both economical and flexible to use requirements. However, the risk analysis for the user identifies vulnerabilities for intellectual property ownership and…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2016-06-09 Brian Cusack , Reza Khaleghparast

The increasing deployment of intelligent agents in digital ecosystems, such as social media platforms, has raised significant concerns about traceability and accountability, particularly in cybersecurity and digital content protection.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Kaibo Huang , Zipei Zhang , Zhongliang Yang , Linna Zhou

The task of discerning between generated and natural texts is increasingly challenging. In this context, watermarking emerges as a promising technique for ascribing generated text to a specific model. It alters the sampling generation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Pierre Fernandez , Antoine Chaffin , Karim Tit , Vivien Chappelier , Teddy Furon

In this paper, we propose a novel statistical framework for watermarking generative categorical data. Our method systematically embeds pre-agreed secret signals by splitting the data distribution into two components and modifying one…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Bochao Gu , Hengzhi He , Guang Cheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have experienced rapid advancements, with applications spanning a wide range of fields, including sentiment classification, review generation, and question answering. Due to their efficiency and versatility,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-17 Yugeng Liu , Tianshuo Cong , Michael Backes , Zheng Li , Yang Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities of generating texts resembling human language. However, they can be misused by criminals to create deceptive content, such as fake news and phishing emails, which raises…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Wenjie Qu , Wengrui Zheng , Tianyang Tao , Dong Yin , Yanze Jiang , Zhihua Tian , Wei Zou , Jinyuan Jia , Jiaheng Zhang

Since real-time contents can be captured and downloaded very easily, copyright infringement has become a serious problem. In order to reduce the loss caused by copyright infringement, copyright owners insert a watermark in the content to…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-05-17 Wook-Hyung Kim , Jong-Uk Hou , Seung-Min Mun , Heung-Kyu Lee

Diffusion models have made substantial advances in recent years, enabling high-quality image synthesis; however, the widespread dissemination and reuse of their outputs have introduced new challenges in intellectual property protection and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Yuqi Qian , Yun Cao , Haocheng Fu , Meiyang Lv , Meineng Zhu

In unsecured network environments, ownership protection of digital contents, such as images, is becoming a growing concern. Different watermarking methods have been proposed to address the copyright protection of digital materials.…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2020-04-08 Mahsa Kadkhodaei , Shadrokh Samavi

Watermarking is crucial for protecting the copyright of AI-generated images. We propose WMAdapter, a diffusion model watermark plugin that takes user-specified watermark information and allows for seamless watermark imprinting during the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Hai Ci , Yiren Song , Pei Yang , Jinheng Xie , Mike Zheng Shou

Benefiting from the superior capabilities of large language models in natural language understanding and generation, Embeddings-as-a-Service (EaaS) has emerged as a successful commercial paradigm on the web platform. However, prior studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Hao Li , Yubing Ren , Yanan Cao , Yingjie Li , Fang Fang , Xuebin Wang

Relational data sources are still one of the most popular ways to store enterprise or Web data, however, the issue with relational schema is the lack of a well-defined semantic description. A common ontology provides a way to represent the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-01-31 Natalia Ruemmele , Yuriy Tyshetskiy , Alex Collins

Securing digital text is becoming increasingly relevant due to the widespread use of large language models. Individuals' fear of losing control over data when it is being used to train such machine learning models or when distinguishing…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Malte Hellmeier

Watermarking enables GenAI providers to verify whether content was generated by their models. A watermark is a hidden signal in the content, whose presence can be detected using a secret watermark key. A core security threat are forgery…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Toluwani Aremu , Noor Hussein , Munachiso Nwadike , Samuele Poppi , Jie Zhang , Karthik Nandakumar , Neil Gong , Nils Lukas

The explosive growth of generative video models has amplified the demand for reliable copyright preservation of AI-generated content. Despite its popularity in image synthesis, invisible generative watermarking remains largely underexplored…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Zihan Su , Xuerui Qiu , Hongbin Xu , Tangyu Jiang , Junhao Zhuang , Chun Yuan , Ming Li , Shengfeng He , Fei Richard Yu

Growth of the Internet and networked multimedia systems has emphasized the need for copyright protection of the media. Media can be images, audio clips, videos and etc. Digital watermarking is today extensively used for many applications…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Amin Banitalebi , Said Nader-Esfahani , Alireza Nasiri Avanaki
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