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IIt is shown that a weak measurement of a quantum system produces a new state of the quantum system which depends on the prior state, as well as the (uncontrollable) measured position of the pointer variable of the weak measurement…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-05-29 D. J. Miller

In this work, we study the hardness required to achieve proofs of quantumness (PoQ), which in turn capture (potentially interactive) quantum advantage. A ``trivial'' PoQ is to simply assume an average-case hard problem for classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-10 Kabir Tomer , Mark Zhandry

Quantum money is a cryptographic protocol in which a mint can produce a quantum state, no one else can copy the state, and anyone (with a quantum computer) can verify that the state came from the mint. We present a concrete quantum money…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2010-04-30 Edward Farhi , David Gosset , Avinatan Hassidim , Andrew Lutomirski , Peter Shor

We propose in this work a definite theoretical implementation of the three-box paradox - a scheme in which a single quantum particle appears to be present with certainty in two separate boxes - with spin-1 atoms. We further show how our…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-07-23 A. Matzkin , A. K. Pan

This paper proves the threshold result, which asserts that quantum computation can be made robust against errors and inaccuracies, when the error rate, $\eta$, is smaller than a constant threshold, $\eta_c$. The result holds for a very…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dorit Aharonov , Michael Ben-Or

In a multi-party fair coin-flipping protocol, the parties output a common (close to) unbiased bit, even when some adversarial parties try to bias the output. In this work we focus on the case of an arbitrary number of corrupted parties.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-06-20 Niv Buchbinder , Iftach Haitner , Nissan Levi , Eliad Tsfadia

When submitting ``Coin-Flipping-based Quantum Oblivious Transfer'' (quant-ph/0605027v4) to Indocrypt-2006, I received valuable reviews. Due to the attacks in these reviews, my major protocols, for cheat-sensitive and coin-flipping-based 2-1…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Minh-Dung Dang

In his seminal work, Cleve [STOC '86] has proved that any $r$-round coin-flipping protocol can be efficiently biased by $\Theta(1/r)$. This lower bound was met for the two-party case by Moran, Naor, and Segev [Journal of Cryptology '16],…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-05-04 Amos Beimel , Iftach Haitner , Nikolaos Makriyannis , Eran Omri

A significant obstacle for practical quantum computation is the loss of physical qubits in quantum computers, a decoherence mechanism most notably in optical systems. Here we experimentally demonstrate, both in the quantum circuit model and…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2016-05-16 Chao-Yang Lu , Wei-Bo Gao , Jin Zhang , Xiao-Qi Zhou , Tao Yang , Jian-Wei Pan

An experimental cryptographic proof of quantumness will be a vital milestone in the progress of quantum information science. Error tolerance is a persistent challenge for implementing such tests: we need a test that not only can be passed…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-03-06 Carl A. Miller

We present a number of results related to quantum algorithms with small error probability and quantum algorithms that are zero-error. First, we give a tight analysis of the trade-offs between the number of queries of quantum search…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2007-05-23 H. Buhrman , R. Cleve , R. de Wolf , Ch. Zalka

Quantum error correction protects fragile quantum information by encoding it into a larger quantum system. These extra degrees of freedom enable the detection and correction of errors, but also increase the operational complexity of the…

We present a new protocol for practical quantum cryptography, tailored for an implementation with weak coherent pulses. The key is obtained by a very simple time-of-arrival measurement on the data line; an interferometer is built on an…

Although polynomial-time probabilistic Turing machines can utilize uncomputable transition probabilities to recognize uncountably many languages with bounded error when allowed to use logarithmic space, it is known that such "magic coins"…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-12-01 A. C. Cem Say , Abuzer Yakaryilmaz

The use of quantum bits (qubits) in cryptography holds the promise of secure cryptographic quantum key distribution schemes. It is based usually on single-photon polarization states. Unfortunately, the implemented ``qubits'' in the usual…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-05-06 Gilles Brassard , Tal Mor , Barry C. Sanders

We consider the task of verifying the correctness of quantum computation for a restricted class of circuits which contain at most two basis changes. This contains circuits giving rise to the second level of the Fourier Hierarchy, the lowest…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2018-04-18 Tommaso F. Demarie , Yingkai Ouyang , Joseph F. Fitzsimons

Under the assumption that the quantum random number generator Quantis by Id Quantique is a fair quantum coin, experimental indications of the fact that independent tosses of a quantum coin don't pass the Iterated Logarithm Randomness' Test…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-01-18 Gavriel Segre

A long sequence of tosses of a classical coin produces an apparently random bit string, but classical randomness is an illusion: the algorithmic information content of a classically-generated bit string lies almost entirely in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Ulvi Yurtsever

Quantum circuit complexity-a measure of the minimum number of gates needed to implement a given unitary transformation-is a fundamental concept in quantum computation, with widespread applications ranging from determining the running time…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Kaifeng Bu , Roy J. Garcia , Arthur Jaffe , Dax Enshan Koh , Lu Li

The laws of physics play a crucial role in the security of quantum key distribution (QKD). This fact has often been misunderstood as if the security of QKD would be based only on the laws of physics. As the experts know well, things are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-03 Valerio Scarani , Christian Kurtsiefer