Related papers: Qualgebras and knotted 3-valent graphs
Quandle is an algebraic system with one binary operation, but it is quite different from a group. Quandle has its origin in the knot theory and good relationships with the theory of symmetric spaces, so it is well-studied from points of…
We introduce a new class of quantum enhancements we call biquandle brackets, which are customized skein invariants for biquandle colored links.Quantum enhancements of biquandle counting invariants form a class of knot and link invariants…
Homomorphisms on quandle cohomology groups that raise the dimensions by one are studied in relation to the cocycle state-sum invariants of knots and knotted surfaces. Skein relations are also studied.
Quandle colorings and cocycle invariants are studied for composite knots, and applied to chirality and abelian extensions. The square and granny knots, for example, can be distinguished by quandle colorings, so that a trefoil and its mirror…
A continuous cohomology theory for topological quandles is introduced, and compared to the algebraic theories. Extensions of topological quandles are studied with respect to continuous 2-cocycles, and used to show the differences in second…
A quandle is an algebraic structure whose axioms are related to the Reidemeister moves used in knot theory. In this paper, we investigate the conjugate quandle of the orientation-preserving isometry group $\mathrm{PSL}(2, \mathbb{C})$ of…
By using the cohomology theory of quandles, quandle cocycle invariants and shadow quandle cocycle invariants are defined for oriented links and surface-links via broken surface diagrams. By using symmetric quandles, symmetric quandle…
Quadratic algebras associated to graphs have been introduced by I. Gelfand, S. Gelfand, and Retakh in connection with decompositions of noncommutative polynomials. Here we show that, for each graph with rare triangular subgraphs, the…
Finite-order invariants of knots in arbitrary 3-manifolds (including non-orientable ones) are constructed and studied by methods of the topology of discriminant sets. Obstructions to the integrability of admissible weight systems to…
We define the fundamental quandle of a spatial graph and several invariants derived from it. In the category of graph tangles, we define an invariant based on the walks in the graph and cocycles from nonabelian quandle cohomology.
We consider a quiver structure on the set of quandle colorings of an oriented knot or link diagram. This structure contains a wealth of knot and link invariants and provides a categorification of the quandle counting invariant in the most…
The principal aim of this article is to introduce and study n-valued quandles and n-corack bialgebras. We elaborate the basic methods of this theory, reproduce the coset construction known in the theory of n-valued groups. We also consider…
We introduce the notion of a hierarchical quandle, which is a generalisation of diquandles and multi-quandles. Using hierarchical quandle colourings, we construct a cocycle invariants for links coloured by quandles.
A $G-$family of quandles is an algebraic construction which was proposed by A. Ishii, M. Iwakiri, Y. Jang, K. Oshiro in 2013. The axioms of these algebraic systems were motivated by handlebody-knot theory. In the present work we investigate…
Lower bounds of betti numbers for homology groups of racks and quandles will be given using the quotient homomorphism to the orbit quandles. Exact sequences relating various types of homology groups are analyzed. Geometric methods of…
The combinatorial approach to knot theory treats knots as diagrams modulo Reidemeister moves. Many constructions of knot invariants (e.g., index polynomials, quandle colorings, etc.) use elements of diagrams such as arcs and crossings by…
We employ the sl(2) foam cohomology to define a cohomology theory for oriented framed tangles whose components are labelled by irreducible representations of U_q(sl(2)). We show that the corresponding colored invariants of tangles can be…
Anchored planar algebras, a generalized notion of Vaughan Jones' planar algebras, have recently seen use in higher category theory, functional analysis, and TQFT applications. These algebras are equipped with a natural 3-dimensional…
Homology theories for associative algebraic structures are well established and have been studied for a long time. More recently, homology theories for self-distributive algebraic structures motivated by knot theory, such as quandles and…
We propose a new method of computing cohomology groups of spaces of knots in $\R^n$, $n \ge 3$, based on the topology of configuration spaces and two-connected graphs, and calculate all such classes of order $\le 3.$ As a byproduct we…