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In a spiked population model, the population covariance matrix has all its eigenvalues equal to units except for a few fixed eigenvalues (spikes). This model is proposed by Johnstone to cope with empirical findings on various data sets. The…

Probability · Mathematics 2008-12-18 Zhidong Bai , Jian-feng Yao

Under the high-dimensional setting that data dimension and sample size tend to infinity proportionally, we derive the central limit theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics (LSS) of large-dimensional sample covariance matrix. Different…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2021-06-21 Liu Zhijun , Bai Zhidong , Hu Jiang , Song Haiyan

In this paper, we introduce a joint central limit theorem (CLT) for specific bilinear forms, encompassing the resolvent of the sample covariance matrix under an elliptical distribution. Through an exhaustive exploration of our theoretical…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-12-29 Yanqing Yin , Wang Zhou

High-dimensional autocovariance matrices play an important role in dimension reduction for high-dimensional time series. In this article, we establish the central limit theorem (CLT) for spiked eigenvalues of high-dimensional sample…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-14 Daning Bi , Xiao Han , Adam Nie , Yanrong Yang

In this note, we establish an asymptotic expansion for the centering parameter appearing in the central limit theorems for linear spectral statistic of large-dimensional sample covariance matrices when the population has a spiked covariance…

Probability · Mathematics 2013-07-08 Qinwen Wang , Jack W. Silverstein , Jianfeng Yao

This paper studies the joint limiting behavior of extreme eigenvalues and trace of large sample covariance matrix in a generalized spiked population model, where the asymptotic regime is such that the dimension and sample size grow…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-06-25 Zeng Li , Fang Han , Jianfeng Yao

In this paper, we establish the central limit theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics (LSS) of large-dimensional sample covariance matrix when the population covariance matrices are not uniformly bounded, which is a nontrivial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-05-17 Zhijun Liu , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai , Haiyan Song

We study the asymptotic distributions of the spiked eigenvalues and the largest nonspiked eigenvalue of the sample covariance matrix under a general covariance matrix model with divergent spiked eigenvalues, while the other eigenvalues are…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2017-11-07 Tony Cai , Xiao Han , Guangming Pan

In this paper, we establish the central limit theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of a large-dimensional sample covariance matrix when the population covariance matrices are involved with diverging spikes. This constitutes a…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2023-08-11 Zhijun Liu , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai , Haiyan Song

In this paper, we establish the Central Limit Theorem (CLT) for linear spectral statistics (LSSs) of large-dimensional generalized spiked sample covariance matrices, where the spiked eigenvalues may be either bounded or diverge to infinity.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-07 Zhijun Liu , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai , Zhihui Lv

We consider a more generalized spiked covariance matrix $\Sigma$, which is a general non-definite matrix with the spiked eigenvalues scattered into a few bulks and the largest ones allowed to tend to infinity. By relaxing the matching of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-04-26 Dandan Jiang , Zhidong Bai

This paper aims to derive asymptotical distributions of the spiked eigenvalues of the large-dimensional spiked Fisher matrices without Gaussian assumption and the restrictive assumptions on covariance matrices. We first establish invariance…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-03-29 Dandan Jiang , Zhiqiang Hou , Zhidong Bai , Runze Li

In this paper, we investigate the asymptotic behaviors of the extreme eigenvectors in a general spiked covariance matrix, where the dimension and sample size increase proportionally. We eliminate the restrictive assumption of the block…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-05-15 Zhangni Pu , Xiaozhuo Zhang , Jiang Hu , Zhidong Bai

The Central Limit Theorem (CLT) establishes that sufficiently large sequences of independent and identically distributed random variables converge in probability to a normal distribution. This makes the CLT a fundamental building block of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Henning Basold , Oisín Flynn-Connolly , Chase Ford , Hao Wang

In this article, the joint fluctuations of the extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of a large dimensional sample covariance matrix are analyzed when the associated population covariance matrix is a finite-rank perturbation of the identity…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2012-06-20 Romain Couillet , Walid Hachem

In the spiked population model introduced by Johnstone (2001),the population covariance matrix has all its eigenvalues equal to unit except for a few fixed eigenvalues (spikes). The question is to quantify the effect of the perturbation…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2012-06-06 Zhidong Bai , Jian-Feng Yao

Let $\mathbf{X}_n=(x_{ij})$ be a $k \times n$ data matrix with complex-valued, independent and standardized entries satisfying a Lindeberg-type moment condition. We consider simultaneously $R$ sample covariance matrices…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-01-23 Weiming Li , Zeng Li , Jianfeng Yao

In this paper, we study the asymptotic behavior of the extreme eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the high dimensional spiked sample covariance matrices, in the supercritical case when a reliable detection of spikes is possible. Especially, we…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-09-04 Zhigang Bao , Xiucai Ding , Jingming Wang , Ke Wang

Using the Coulomb Fluid method, this paper derives central limit theorems (CLTs) for linear spectral statistics of three "spiked" Hermitian random matrix ensembles. These include Johnstone's spiked model (i.e., central Wishart with spiked…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2015-06-18 Damien Passemier , Matthew R. Mckay , Yang Chen

We study the fluctuations of the eigenvalues of real valued large centrosymmetric random matrices via its linear eigenvalue statistic. This is essentially a central limit theorem (CLT) for sums of dependent random variables. The dependence…

Probability · Mathematics 2025-10-01 Indrajit Jana , Sunita Rani
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