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Theoretical studies on the early-time dynamics in the ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions are reviewed including pedagogical introductions on the initial condition with small-x gluons treated as a color glass condensate, the bottom-up…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2017-01-04 Kenji Fukushima

When two sheets of Color Glass Condensate collide in a high energy heavy ion collision, they form matter with very high energy densities called the Glasma. We describe how this matter is formed, its remarkable properties and its relevance…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 Raju Venugopalan

At the earliest stage of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions the produced matter is a highly populated system of gluons called glasma which can be approximately described in terms of classical chromodynamic fields. Although the system's…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2024-11-13 Margaret E. Carrington , Stanislaw Mrowczynski , Jean-Yves Ollitrault

Understanding the applicability of fluid-dynamical models to describe the hot and dense matter produced in the early stages of hadronic collisions is a fundamental problem in the field. In particular, it is not clear to what degree this…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2025-10-17 Caio V. P. de Brito , Gabriel S. Denicol

Within a pQCD inspired kinetic parton cascade we simulate the space time evolution of gluons which are produced initially in a heavy ion collision at RHIC energy. The inelastic gluonic interactions $gg \leftrightarrow ggg$ do play an…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2008-11-26 A. El , C. Greiner , Z. Xu

Recently, a lot of effort has been put into describing the thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma using the gauge/gravity duality. In this context we here present a full numerical solution of the early far-from-equilibrium formation of…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-03-26 Wilke van der Schee

Heavy quarks, which are produced at the earliest stage of relativistic heavy-ion collisions, probe the entire history of the quark-gluon plasma that is created in the collision. Initially the plasma is populated with chromodynamic fields…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2020-06-24 Margaret E. Carrington , Alina Czajka , Stanislaw Mrowczynski

To achieve an understanding of the thermalization of a quark-gluon plasma, starting from QCD without using model assumptions, is a formidable task. We study the early stage dynamics of a relativistic heavy ion collision in the framework of…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2016-05-31 Maximilian Attems , Owe Philipsen , Christian Schäfer , Björn Wagenbach , Savvas Zafeiropoulos

In this contribution I discuss some recent progress in understanding the evolution of the pre-thermal quark-gluon matter, known as the glasma, during the early stage in heavy ion collisions, and the implication for early time photon and…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2015-06-19 Jinfeng Liao

Using kinetic theory, we analyze the interplay of elastic and inelastic collisions in the thermalization of the quark-gluon plasma. The main focus is the dynamics and equilibration of long wavelength modes.

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2016-11-23 Jean-Paul Blaizot , Jinfeng Liao , Yacine Mehtar-Tani

The thermalization of quark gluon plasma created in relativistic heavy-ion collisions is a crucial theoretical question in understanding the onset of hydrodynamics, and in a broad sense, a key step to the exploration of thermalization in…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-12-03 Shile Chen , Li Yan , Shuzhe Shi

Heavy-ion collisions at BNL's Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and CERN's Large Hadron Collider provide strong evidence for the formation of a quark-gluon plasma, with temperatures extracted from relativistic viscous hydrodynamic simulations…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2021-08-18 Jürgen Berges , Michal P. Heller , Aleksas Mazeliauskas , Raju Venugopalan

We describe the energy distribution of hard gluons travelling through a dense quark-gluon plasma whose temperature increases linearly with time, within a probabilistic perturbative approach. The results were applied to the thermalization…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-01-21 F. G. Ben , M. V. T. Machado

We present analytic results that describe the gluon field, or glasma, at very early times after a collision of relativistic heavy ions at proper time $\tau=0$. We use a Colour Glass Condensate approach, and perform an expansion in $\tau$.…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2022-10-05 Margaret E. Carrington , Alina Czajka , Stanislaw Mrówczyński

The onset of thermalization in heavy ion collisions in the weak coupling framework can be viewed as a transition from the initial state Color Glass Condensate dynamics, characterized by the energy density scaling like $\epsilon \sim 1/\tau$…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2010-11-30 Yuri V. Kovchegov

We study thermalization, hydrodynamization, and chemical equilibration in out-of-equilibrium Quark-Gluon Plasma starting from various initial conditions using QCD effective kinetic theory, valid at weak coupling. In non-expanding systems…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2019-04-30 Aleksi Kurkela , Aleksas Mazeliauskas

Early local equilibration of a hot medium created in high-energy heavy ion collisions has been one of the long standing issues in hadron physics. The glasma model predicts that the medium initially has a large amount of high-momentum gluons…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2014-03-31 Akihiko Monnai , Berndt Müller

The pre-equilibrium evolution of a quark-gluon plasma produced in a heavy-ion collision is studied in the framework of kinetic theory. We discuss the approach to local thermal equilibrium, and the onset of hydrodynamics, in terms of a…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2018-01-17 Jean-Paul Blaizot , Li Yan

We discuss a model for the energy distribution and the early space-time evolution of a heavy ion collision. We estimate the gluon field generated in the wake of hard processes and through primordial fluctuations of the color charges in the…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2009-11-11 Rainer J. Fries , Joseph I. Kapusta , Yang Li

We propose a new scenario characterizing the transition of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy-ion collisions from a highly non-equilibrium state at early times toward a fluid described by hydrodynamics at late times. We develop…

Nuclear Theory · Physics 2021-03-11 Jasmine Brewer , Li Yan , Yi Yin
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