Related papers: Air shower universality from 10^14 to 10^22 eV
Based on extensive air shower simulations it is shown that the electron distributions with respect to the two angles, determining electron direction at a given shower age, for a fixed electron energy and lateral distance, are universal. It…
Air shower universality states that the electromagnetic part of hadron-induced extensive air showers (EAS) can be completely described in terms of the primary energy and shower age. In addition, simulations show that the muon part is well…
On the basis of the scaling approach and CORSIKA simulations data the radial scale factor of lateral distribution of electrons in extensive air showers is confirmed as potentially effective primary mass estimator, and its sensitivity to…
It is shown that the shape of any electron distribution in a high energy air shower is the same in all such showers, if taken at the same age, independently of the primary energy, mass and thus, of the interaction model.
Using a large set of simulated extensive air showers, we investigate universality features of electron and positron distributions in very-high-energy cosmic-ray air showers. Most particle distributions depend only on the depth of the shower…
The concept of "age" as a parameter for the description of the state of development of high energy showers in the atmosphere has been in use in cosmic ray studies for several decades. In this work we briefly discuss how this concept,…
New analysis of lateral distributions (LD) of electrons, muons and charged particles in extensive air showers generated by $10^{15}-10^{19}$ eV cosmic rays has been made with respect to the scaling formalism for LD and air shower…
Detailed theoretical study of the mean square radius of extensive air shower electrons has been made in connection with further development of scaling formalism for electron lateral distribution function. A very simple approximation…
We study the influence of shower fluctuations, and the possible presence of different nuclear species in the primary cosmic ray spectrum, on the experimental determination of both shower energy and the proton air inelastic cross section…
Based on solutions of the cascade equations, the air-shower universality is a framework that for all air showers with the same energy, zenith angle, depth of shower maximum, and muon number predicts the same longitudinal, lateral, and…
We study the frequency and angular dependences of Cherenkov radio pulses originated by the excess of electrons in electromagnetic showers in different dense media. We develop a simple model to relate the main characteristics of the electric…
We consider two new aspects of Extensive Air Shower development universality allowing to make accurate estimation of muon and electromagnetic (EM) shower contents in two independent ways. In the first case, to get muon (or EM) signal in…
We present a parameterized model of atmospheric particle showers initiated by cosmic rays. Few physics shower parameters are tuned in a comparison to the Conex generator. Resulting shower properties are studied, with a comment on the cases…
Lateral distributions of electrons in air showers initiated by photons of ultra high energies ($10^{18}-10^{22}$ eV) obtained on the basis of numerical solution of adjoint cascade equations are presented. An extended analysis has been made…
The properties of cosmic rays with energies above 10**6 GeV have to be deduced from the spacetime structure and particle content of the air showers which they initiate. In this review we summarize the phenomenology of these giant air…
The reconstruction of cosmic-ray-induced extensive air showers with a non-imaging Cherenkov detector array requires knowledge of the Cherenkov yield of any given air shower for a given set of shower parameters. Although air showers develop…
In models based on large extra dimensions where massive spin 2 exchange can dominate at high energies, the neutrino-proton cross section can rise to typical hadronic values at energies above 10^20 eV. The neutrino then becomes a candidate…
The increasing cosmic ray statistics collected by present experiments and the future prospects with new large arrays demand accurate calculations of the extensive air shower parameters. The energy of the primary particle is estimated by…
In extensive air shower experiments, the number of muons crossing a detector at a given position, as well as their arrival time, arrival direction, and energy, are determined by a more fundamental 3-dimensional distribution linked to the…
We present two new aspects of Extensive Air Shower (EAS) development universality allowing to make accurate estimation of muon and electromagnetic (EM) shower contents in two independent ways. In the first case, to get muon (or EM) signal…