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This work presents a fast and scalable algorithm for incremental learning of Gaussian mixture models. By performing rank-one updates on its precision matrices and determinants, its asymptotic time complexity is of \BigO{NKD^2} for $N$ data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-01-17 Rafael Pinto , Paulo Engel

In this paper, we study the problem of learning one-dimensional Gaussian mixture models (GMMs) with a specific focus on estimating both the model order and the mixing distribution from independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.)…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-02-24 Xinyu Liu , Hai Zhang

We consider the problem of identifying the parameters of an unknown mixture of two arbitrary $d$-dimensional gaussians from a sequence of independent random samples. Our main results are upper and lower bounds giving a computationally…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-05-19 Moritz Hardt , Eric Price

In this paper, we study the problem of learning a mixture of Gaussians with streaming data: given a stream of $N$ points in $d$ dimensions generated by an unknown mixture of $k$ spherical Gaussians, the goal is to estimate the model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-07-11 Aditi Raghunathan , Ravishankar Krishnaswamy , Prateek Jain

We consider mixtures of $k\geq 2$ Gaussian components with unknown means and unknown covariance (identical for all components) that are well-separated, i.e., distinct components have statistical overlap at most $k^{-C}$ for a large enough…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Rares-Darius Buhai , David Steurer

We revisit the problem of estimating the mean of a real-valued distribution, presenting a novel estimator with sub-Gaussian convergence: intuitively, "our estimator, on any distribution, is as accurate as the sample mean is for the Gaussian…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-11-18 Jasper C. H. Lee , Paul Valiant

We prove that $\tilde{\Theta}(k d^2 / \varepsilon^2)$ samples are necessary and sufficient for learning a mixture of $k$ Gaussians in $\mathbb{R}^d$, up to error $\varepsilon$ in total variation distance. This improves both the known upper…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-23 Hassan Ashtiani , Shai Ben-David , Nick Harvey , Christopher Liaw , Abbas Mehrabian , Yaniv Plan

Given an implicit $n\times n$ matrix $A$ with oracle access $x^TA x$ for any $x\in \mathbb{R}^n$, we study the query complexity of randomized algorithms for estimating the trace of the matrix. This problem has many applications in quantum…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-05-29 Karl Wimmer , Yi Wu , Peng Zhang

We study the problem of high-dimensional robust linear regression where a learner is given access to $n$ samples from the generative model $Y = \langle X,w^* \rangle + \epsilon$ (with $X \in \mathbb{R}^d$ and $\epsilon$ independent), in…

We describe a general technique that yields the first {\em Statistical Query lower bounds} for a range of fundamental high-dimensional learning problems involving Gaussian distributions. Our main results are for the problems of (1) learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-18 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Alistair Stewart

We consider the problem of estimating the number of distinct elements in a large data set (or, equivalently, the support size of the distribution induced by the data set) from a random sample of its elements. The problem occurs in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Talya Eden , Piotr Indyk , Shyam Narayanan , Ronitt Rubinfeld , Sandeep Silwal , Tal Wagner

We give a polynomial-time algorithm for the problem of robustly estimating a mixture of $k$ arbitrary Gaussians in $\mathbb{R}^d$, for any fixed $k$, in the presence of a constant fraction of arbitrary corruptions. This resolves the main…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Ainesh Bakshi , Ilias Diakonikolas , He Jia , Daniel M. Kane , Pravesh K. Kothari , Santosh S. Vempala

We study the problem of learning mixtures of $k$ Gaussians in $d$ dimensions. We make no separation assumptions on the underlying mixture components: we only require that the covariance matrices have bounded condition number and that the…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-11-20 Sitan Chen , Vasilis Kontonis , Kulin Shah

We analyze the classical EM algorithm for parameter estimation in the symmetric two-component Gaussian mixtures in $d$ dimensions. We show that, even in the absence of any separation between components, provided that the sample size…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2019-08-30 Yihong Wu , Harrison H. Zhou

Estimating the number of components is a fundamental challenge in unsupervised learning, particularly when dealing with high-dimensional data with many components or severely imbalanced component sizes. This paper addresses this challenge…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-22 Huan Qing

We present randomized algorithms for sampling the standard Gaussian distribution restricted to a convex set and for estimating the Gaussian measure of a convex set, in the general membership oracle model. The complexity of integration is…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-07-12 Ben Cousins , Santosh Vempala

We study Gaussian sparse estimation tasks in Huber's contamination model with a focus on mean estimation, PCA, and linear regression. For each of these tasks, we give the first sample and computationally efficient robust estimators with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-18 Ilias Diakonikolas , Daniel M. Kane , Sushrut Karmalkar , Ankit Pensia , Thanasis Pittas

We study linear chance-constrained problems where the coefficients follow a Gaussian mixture distribution. We provide mixed-binary quadratic programs that give inner and outer approximations of the chance constraint based on piecewise…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2025-11-24 Shibshankar Dey , Sanjay Mehrotra , Anirudh Subramanyam

We study the algorithmic problem of estimating the mean of heavy-tailed random vector in $\mathbb{R}^d$, given $n$ i.i.d. samples. The goal is to design an efficient estimator that attains the optimal sub-gaussian error bound, only assuming…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Zhixian Lei , Kyle Luh , Prayaag Venkat , Fred Zhang

We give a highly efficient "semi-agnostic" algorithm for learning univariate probability distributions that are well approximated by piecewise polynomial density functions. Let $p$ be an arbitrary distribution over an interval $I$ which is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-05-15 Siu-On Chan , Ilias Diakonikolas , Rocco A. Servedio , Xiaorui Sun