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Related papers: Proof Complexity and the Kneser-Lov\'asz Theorem

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We study Frege proofs for the one-to-one graph Pigeon Hole Principle defined on the $n\times n$ grid where $n$ is odd. We are interested in the case where each formula in the proof is a depth $d$ formula in the basis given by $\land$,…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-01-14 Johan Håstad

We prove a query complexity variant of the weak polynomial Freiman-Ruzsa conjecture in the following form. For any $\epsilon > 0$, a set $A \subset \mathbb{Z}^d$ with doubling $K$ has a subset of size at least $K^{-\frac{4}{\epsilon}}|A|$…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2022-01-14 Dmitrii Zhelezov , Dömötör Pálvölgyi

Taking a compact K\"{a}hler manifold as playground, we explore the powerfulness of Hodge index theorem. A main object is the Lorentzian classes on a compact K\"{a}hler manifold, behind which the characterization via Lorentzian polynomials…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-05-13 Jiajun Hu , Jian Xiao

A combinatorial proof of a pigeonhole principle of Gowers is found along with its symmetric and approximate version, FIN$_k^\pm$ theorem. The proofs do not use of the concept of ultrafilter.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-10-04 Ryszard Frankiewicz , Sławomir Szczepaniak

We prove a formula for the structure sheaf of a quiver variety in the Grothendieck ring of its embedding variety. This formula generalizes and gives new expressions for Grothendieck polynomials. We furthermore conjecture that the…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Anders Skovsted Buch

A Lefschetz module is a module over a graded algebra $A$ that satisfies analogues of Poincar\'{e} duality, the Hard Lefschetz property, and the Hodge--Riemann relations with respect to an open convex cone $\mathscr{K}$ in the degree one…

Algebraic Geometry · Mathematics 2025-11-05 Omid Amini , June Huh , Matt Larson

Proving formula depth lower bounds is a fundamental challenge in complexity theory, with the strongest known bound of $(3 - o(1))\log n$ established by Hastad over 25 years ago. The Karchmer-Raz-Wigderson (KRW) conjecture offers a promising…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Nikolai Chukhin , Alexander S. Kulikov , Ivan Mihajlin

We formalize various counting principles and compare their strengths over $V^{0}$. In particular, we conjecture the following mutual independence between: (1) a uniform version of modular counting principles and the pigeonhole principle for…

Logic · Mathematics 2024-07-16 Eitetsu Ken

We obtain two results about the proof complexity of deep inference: 1) deep-inference proof systems are as powerful as Frege ones, even when both are extended with the Tseitin extension rule or with the substitution rule; 2) there are…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-04-19 Paola Bruscoli , Alessio Guglielmi

The Lovasz Local Lemma (LLL) is a powerful tool in probability theory to show the existence of combinatorial objects meeting a prescribed collection of "weakly dependent" criteria. We show that the LLL extends to a much more general…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-10-10 Andris Ambainis , Julia Kempe , Or Sattath

Paul Erd\H{o}s and L\'{a}szl\'{o} Lov\'{a}sz proved in a landmark article that, for any positive integer $k$, up to isomorphism there are only finitely many maximal intersecting families of $k-$sets (maximal $k-$cliques). So they posed the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2014-03-03 Kaushik Majumder

The polynomial Fre\u{\i}man--Ruzsa conjecture is a fundamental open question in additive combinatorics. However, over the integers (or more generally $\mathbb{R}^d$ or $\mathbb{Z}^d$) the optimal formulation has not been fully pinned down.…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2017-09-29 Freddie Manners

We prove superpolynomial length lower bounds for the semantic tree-like Frege refutation system with bounded line size. Concretely, for any function $n^{2-\varepsilon} \leq s(n) \leq 2^{n^{1-\varepsilon}}$ we exhibit an explicit family…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Susanna F. de Rezende , David Engström , Yassine Ghannane , Kilian Risse

The reflection principle is the statement that if a sentence is provable then it is true. Reflection principles have been studied for first-order theories, but they also play an important role in propositional proof complexity. In this…

Logic · Mathematics 2020-07-30 Pavel Pudlák

We give upper and lower bounds on the power of subsystems of the Ideal Proof System (IPS), the algebraic proof system recently proposed by Grochow and Pitassi, where the circuits comprising the proof come from various restricted algebraic…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-06-17 Michael A. Forbes , Amir Shpilka , Iddo Tzameret , Avi Wigderson

We survey some of the mechanisms used to prove that naturally defined sequences in combinatorics are log-concave. Among these mechanisms are Alexandrov's inequality for mixed discriminants, the Alexandrov Fenchel inequality for mixed…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-04-17 Alan Yan

We study the problem of obtaining lower bounds for polynomial calculus (PC) and polynomial calculus resolution (PCR) on proof degree, and hence by [Impagliazzo et al. '99] also on proof size. [Alekhnovich and Razborov '03] established that…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-05-07 Mladen Mikša , Jakob Nordström

The Lov\'{a}sz Local Lemma is a central tool in probabilistic combinatorics, providing a sufficient condition under which a finite collection of undesirable events with limited dependencies can be simultaneously avoided with positive…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2026-04-30 Igal Sason

Let $Q_n(z)$ be the polynomials associated with the Nekrasov-Okounkov formula $$\sum_{n\geq 1} Q_n(z) q^n := \prod_{m = 1}^\infty (1 - q^m)^{-z - 1}.$$ In this paper we partially answer a conjecture of Heim and Neuhauser, which asks if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-07 Letong Hong , Shengtong Zhang

Most state-of-the-art satisfiability algorithms today are variants of the DPLL procedure augmented with clause learning. The main bottleneck for such algorithms, other than the obvious one of time, is the amount of memory used. In the field…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Jakob Nordström , Johan Håstad